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Quality characteristics and changes in mulberry (Morus alba L.) depending on their maturity during distribution

오디의 숙도에 따른 품질특성 및 유통 중 품질변화

  • Received : 2013.03.07
  • Accepted : 2013.06.25
  • Published : 2013.06.30

Abstract

To determine the appropriate harvest maturity of mulberry to prolong the freshness during distribution, mulberries were classified into three groups (80%, 90%, and 100%) based on their degree of maturity and then compared for their firmness, color, anthocyanin, soluble solids content, pH, titratable acidity, viable cell, mold and sensory quality. They were then investigated for quality changes by maturity under different distribution temperature at $20^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$ and $0^{\circ}C$. Immediately after harvest, the 80% matured mulberries were shown to be the firmest and 1.74 and 2.64 times firmer than 90% and 100% matured mulberries respectively. The more mature the mulberries were the lower the "a" value was while anthocyanin content was higher. The soluble solids content and pH of mulberries increased as they matured. Less mature the mulberries were the higher titratable acidity was and lower microbial levels in mulberries were. In terms of sensory quality, color of the 100% matured mulberries was the highest but the 90% matured mulberries were most preferred based on other sensory indexes. In comparison to storability of mulberries by maturity, although the firmness of the 80% matured mulberry decreased rapidly, they were the firmest during distribution periods. The level of mold of the 100% matured mulberries was higher than others. Moreover, the more mature mulberries were the quicker they deteriorated. According to quality indexes, depending on maturity and sensory evaluation of mulberry distributed at different temperatures, the storability of the 80 and 90% matured mulberries were higher than that of the 100% matured mulberries. In conclusion, judging by their sensory quality, the 90% matured mulberries were more appropriate for harvesting than the 80% matured mulberries.

오디의 신선도 유지기간 연장을 위한 수확 시 적정 숙도를 조사하기위해, 오디의 숙도를 80%, 90% 및 100%로 구분하여 수확한 후 숙도별 관능적 품질특성을 비교하였고, 이를 $0^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$$20^{\circ}C$에 각각 유통하면서 경도, 색도, 가용성 고형물함량, pH, 적정산도, 곰팡이 및 변질율, 및 관능적 품질을 평가하였다. 수확 직후 숙도에 따른 오디의 경도는 숙도 100% 오디가 가장 낮았으며 이는 숙도 80% 및 90% 오디 경도의 37%와 65% 수준이었다. 오디 과피의 'a'값과 적정산도는 숙도가 낮을수록 높았고 안토시아닌 함량, 가용성 고형물 함량 및 pH는 숙도가 높을수록 높았다. 총균 및 곰팡이 수는 오디의 숙도가 증가함에 따라 높았는데 숙도 100% 완숙과의 경우 숙도 80% 오디에 비해 각각 1.6배 및 1.1배였다. 오디의 관능적 품질 중 '색'은 숙도 100% 오디가, '맛', '조직감' 및 '전반적인 품질'은 숙도 90% 오디가 가장 높은 기호도를 보였다. 아울러 숙도에 따른 유통가능기간을 비교한 결과, 경도는 유통 중 숙도가 낮을수록 높은 수준을 유지하며 감소하였는데 그 감소의 폭은 숙도 80% 오디의 경우 가장 컸다. 곰팡이의 수는 숙도 100% 오디가 다른 숙도 오디에 비해 높았고, 변질율은 모든 유통 조건에서 숙도가 높을수록 높았다. 관능적 평가에 의한 상품성은 전반적으로 숙도 100% 오디가 숙도 80%, 90% 오디에 비해 빠르게 소실되었고, 유통온도가 낮을수록 상품성 유지 기간이 연장되었다. 수확 직후 오디의 숙도에 따른 품질과 숙도별 유통온도에 따른 품질변화 조사 결과를 종합하면, 숙도 100% 오디에 비해 숙도 80%와 90% 오디가 비교적 품질유지기간이 길었으며 이에 관능평가결과를 고려 시 숙도 80% 보다 90% 오디가 적정 수확 숙도라 판단된다.

Keywords

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