Food Science and Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Chemical compositions and functional characteristics of Korean and imported pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)

국내산과 수입산 석류의 화학적 성분과 기능적 특성

  • Kim, Mi Sook (Food and Drug Analysis Division, Jeollanamdo Institute of Health and Environment) ;
  • Yun, Seol Hee (Food and Drug Analysis Division, Jeollanamdo Institute of Health and Environment) ;
  • Na, Hwan Sik (Food and Drug Analysis Division, Jeollanamdo Institute of Health and Environment) ;
  • Park, Hark Jae (Food and Drug Analysis Division, Jeollanamdo Institute of Health and Environment) ;
  • Choi, Gyeong Cheol (Food and Drug Analysis Division, Jeollanamdo Institute of Health and Environment) ;
  • Yang, Soo In (Food and Drug Analysis Division, Jeollanamdo Institute of Health and Environment) ;
  • Lee, Ji Heon (Food and Drug Analysis Division, Jeollanamdo Institute of Health and Environment)
  • 김미숙 (전라남도보건환경연구원 식품약품분석과) ;
  • 윤설희 (전라남도보건환경연구원 식품약품분석과) ;
  • 나환식 (전라남도보건환경연구원 식품약품분석과) ;
  • 박학재 (전라남도보건환경연구원 식품약품분석과) ;
  • 최경철 (전라남도보건환경연구원 식품약품분석과) ;
  • 양수인 (전라남도보건환경연구원 식품약품분석과) ;
  • 이지헌 (전라남도보건환경연구원 식품약품분석과)
  • Received : 2013.04.05
  • Accepted : 2013.06.17
  • Published : 2013.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In recent years, polyphenol-rich herbs, fruits and processed foods, which are made of plant origin, have attracted much attention due to their potential health benefits. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an important source of bioactive compounds and has been used to treat diseases because of its medicinal properties. This research was focused on characterizing Korea's national cultivar and a similar product from California, USA. To evaluate their bioactive compounds and pharmacological activities, their anti-oxidation and cancer inhibition properties, as well as their organic acid and free sugar contents, were investigated. The national cultivar had low total sugar and high organic acid contents, contrary to the imported product. The results showed that the peel of national cultivar had high polyphenol and ellagic acid contents compared to imported product. The free radical scavenging capacity was evaluated via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and its positive correlation with the total polyphenol contents was found. The anti-cancer activity of methanol extracts revealed growth inhibition against the prostate cancer cell. These results signify that while pomegranate, national cultivar, is more sour than the imported product, its health benefits could be excellent. Also, the polyphenol compound content of the non-edible part (such as the peel and the seed) was higher than that of the juice. Thus, it is suggested that the byproduct of the juice extraction could be potentially used in other fields such as medicine or dietary agents.

본 연구는 고흥산과 수입산 석류의 화학적 성분분석 및 생리활성 기능을 분석하여 기능성 물질의 소재 개발과 착즙 후 버려지는 부산물 활용 방안에 기여하고자 하였다. 석류 과즙 중 주요 유기산은 citric acid, malic acid가 확인되었으며 주요 유리당으로는 fructose, glucose가 확인되었다. 석류의 폴리페놀 함량은 고흥산 과피에서 149.91 mg/g으로 가장 높았고 가장 낮은 함량을 보인 과즙보다는 약 100배 정도 높게 함유되어 있었다. 석류의 부위별 ellagic acid 함량을 분석한 결과 고흥산 과피에서 14.22 mg/g으로 미국산에 비해 두 배 이상 높게 나타났으며, 고흥산과 미국산 모두 과즙이나 씨 보다는 과피에서 ellagic acid 함량이 월등히 높게 나타났다. 석류 부위별 추출물은 농도 의존적으로 항산화 활성이 증가하였으며, 고흥산과 미국산 모두 과피, 씨, 과즙 순으로 높은 활성도를 나타냈다. 고흥산과 미국산 부위별 추출물의 전립선암 세포증식 억제능을 분석한 결과 산지에 관계없이 과피, 과즙, 씨 순으로 암세포 성장억제능이 높게 나타났으며 특히 과즙과 씨에서는 고흥산이 미국산에 비해서 암세포 성장억제능이 더 우수하였으며 과피 추출물에서는 미국산이 더 우수하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Lampe JW (1999) Health effects of vegetables and fruits: assessing mechanism of action in human experimental studies. Am J Clin Nutr, 70, 475-490
  2. Abdel-Hameed ESS (2009) Total phenolic contents and free radical scavenging activity of certain Egyptian ficus species leaf samples. Food Chem, 114, 1271-1277 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.11.005
  3. Cai Y, Luo Q, Sun M, Corke H (2004) Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of 112 Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer. Life Sci, 74, 2157-2184 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2003.09.047
  4. Hazra B, Sarkar R, Biswas S, Mandal N (2010) Comparative study of the antioxidant and reactive oxygen species scavenging properties in the extracts of the fruits of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica and Emblica officinalis. BMC Complement Altern Med, 10, 20 https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-10-20
  5. Hazra B, Biswas S, Mandal N (2008) Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Spondias pinnata. BMC Complement Altern Med, 8, 63-72 https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-8-63
  6. Opara UL, Al-Ani MR (2010) Antioxidant contents of pre-packed fresh-cut versus whole fruit and vegetables. Br Food J, 112, 797-810 https://doi.org/10.1108/00070701011067424
  7. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (2011), Statistics of imported food products (http://www.foodnara.go.kr/ importfood/src/statistics/item_list.jsp).
  8. Moon SK (2009) A study on fruit characteristic composition analysis and antioxidative activity of Korean and Iranian pomegranate (Punica granatum). MS Thesis, Sunchon National University, Korea
  9. Heftmann E, Ko ST, Bennett RD (1966) Identification of estrone in pomegranate seeds. Phytochemistry, 5, 1337-1339 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86133-6
  10. Martınez JJ, Melgarejo P, Hernandez F, Salazar DM, Martinez R (2006) Seed characterization of five new pomegranate varieties. Sci Hor, 110, 241-246 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.07.018
  11. Jaiswal V, DerMarderosian A, Porter JR (2010) Anthocyanins and polyphenol oxidase from dried arils of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Food Chem, 118, 11-16 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.095
  12. Li Y, Guo C, Yang J, Wei J, Xu J, Cheng S (2006) Evaluation of antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract in comparison with pomegranate pulp extract. Food Chem, 96, 254-260 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.02.033
  13. Hajimahmoodi M, Oveisi MR, Sadeghi N, Jannat B, Hajibabi M, Farahani E, Akrami MR, Namdar (2008) Antioxidant properties of peel and pulp hydroextract in ten Persian pomegranate cultivars. Pak J Biol Sci, 11, 1600-1604 https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2008.1600.1604
  14. Gil MI, Tomas-Berberan A, Hess-Pierce B, Holcroft DM, Kader A (2000) Antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice and its relationship with phenolic composition and processing. J Agric Food Chem, 48, 4581-4589 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000404a
  15. Tzulker R, Glazer I, Bar-Ilan I, Holland D, Aviram M, Amir R (2007) Antioxidant activity, polyphenol content, and related compounds in different fruit juices and homogenates prepared from 29 different pomegranate accessions. J Agric Food Chem, 55, 9559-9570 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf071413n
  16. Gözlekçi S, Saraçoğlu O, Onursal E, Ozgen M (2011) Total phenolic distribution of juice, peel, and seed extracts of four pomegranate cultivars, Phcog Mag, 7, 161-164 https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.80681
  17. Holland D, Hatib K, Bar-Ya'akov I (2009) Pomegranate: botany, horticulture, breeding. Horticultural Reviews, 35, 127-191
  18. AOAC (1990) Official Methods of Analysis, 15th ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemists; Washington, D.C., USA
  19. Singleton VL, Rossi JL (1965) Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am J Enol Vitic, 16, 144-158
  20. Blois MA (1958) Antioxidant determination by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 181, 1199-1200 https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0
  21. Mosmann T (1983) Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunological Methods, 65, 55-63 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4
  22. Pablo M, Domingo MS, Artés F (2000) Organic acids and sugars composition of harvested pomegranate fruits. Eur Food Res Technol, 211, 185-190 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170050021
  23. Aarabi A, Barzegar, Azizi MH (2008) Effect of cultivar and cold storage of pomegranate(Punica granatum L.) juices on organic acid composition. Asean Food J, 15, 45-55
  24. Vahid A, Khodayar H, Mehdi S (2009) Physical and chemical properties of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit in maturation stage. Am-Euras J Agric Environ Sci, 6, 411-416
  25. Narayanan BA, Geoffrey O, Willingham MC, Re GG, Nixon DW (1999) p53/p21 (WAF1/CIP1) expression and its possible role in G1 arrest and apoptosis in ellagic acid treated cancer cells. Cancer Lett, 136, 215-21 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(98)00323-1
  26. Khanduja KL, Gandhi RK, Pathania V, Syanl N (1999) Prevention of N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced lung tumorigenesis by ellagic acid and quercetin in mice. Food Chem Toxicol, 37, 313-318 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(99)00021-6
  27. Madrigal-Carballob S, Rodriguezb G, Kruegera CG, Dreherc M, Reeda JD (2009) Pomegranate (Punica granatum) supplements: authenticity, antioxidant and polyphenol composition. J Functional Foods, 1, 324-329 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2009.02.005
  28. Panichayupakaranant P, Tewtrakul S, Yuenyongsawad S (2010) Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities of standardized pomegranate rind extract. Food Chem, 123, 400-403 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.04.054
  29. Chung YC, Chen SJ, Hsu CK, Chang CT, Chou ST (2005) Studies on the antioxidative activity of Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther. Food Chem, 91, 419-424 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.06.022
  30. Kim H, Choi HK, Moon JY, Kim YS, Mosaddik A, Cho SK (2011) Comparative antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of red and white pitayas and their correlation with flavonoid and polyphenol content. J Food Sci, 76, 38-45

Cited by

  1. Antioxidant Activities of Extracts from Leaves and Stems of Achyranthes japonica vol.43, pp.7, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.7.972
  2. Meat composition, fatty acid profile and oxidative stability of meat from broilers supplemented with pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) by-products vol.188, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.140
  3. Antioxidative Properties of Asparagus cochinchinensis Root vol.45, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2016.45.4.524
  4. Improving the nutritional quality and shelf life of broiler meat by feeding diets supplemented with fermented pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) by-products 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2017.1363870
  5. Dyeability of Fabrics Using Indian Dyestuffs of Madder, Marigold and Pomegranate vol.38, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5850/JKSCT.2014.38.6.929
  6. Pomegranate Extract Improves Menopausal Syndrome in Ovariectomized Rats vol.44, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2015.44.4.506
  7. Quality Characteristics of Steamed Bread Containing Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Peel Powder vol.33, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2017.33.1.54
  8. Practical applications of agricultural wastes in poultry feeding in Mediterranean and Middle East regions. Part 1: citrus, grape, pomegranate and apple wastes vol.74, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933918000478
  9. 석류 과일 껍질을 활용하는 새로운 기능성 식품의 최근 연구 동향 vol.30, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2017.30.2.181
  10. Analytical method validation of ellagic acid as an antioxidative marker compound of the Rubus occidentalis extract vol.28, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2021.28.5.663