DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Antibiotic Resistance Among Salmonella spp. Isolated from Feces of Patients with Acute Diarrhea in Gwangju Area, Korea, during 2000-2009

2000년-2009년 광주 광역시 지역의 급성설사환자의 분변에서 분리한 살모넬라 균주에서의 항생제 내성률 조사

  • 김태순 (광주광역시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 김민지 (광주광역시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 김선희 (광주광역시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 서진종 (광주광역시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 기혜영 (광주광역시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 정재근 (광주광역시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 김은선 (광주광역시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 문용운 (광주광역시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 하동룡 (광주광역시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 김민경 (남서울대학교) ;
  • 임숙경 (농림축산검역본부) ;
  • 남향미 (농림축산검역본부)
  • Received : 2013.05.09
  • Accepted : 2013.05.30
  • Published : 2013.06.30

Abstract

Antibiotic susceptibility was examined for 596 Salmonella isolates from patients with acute gastroenteritis during 2000-2009 in Gwangju area in South Korea. Of 16 antibiotics tested, ampicillin resistance (43%) was the most commonly observed resistance among the 596 Salmonella sp. isolates, followed by tetracycline (35.9%), nalidixic acid (31.5%), and chloramphenicol (26.2%). Antibiotic resistance varied among serotypes: The highest resistance of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium was to ampicillin (51.1%) and tetracycline (77.9%), respectively. A total of 89 resistance patterns were observed, and 26% (155/596) of Salmonella isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested in this study. About 21% (127/596) and 15% (87/596) of the isolates were resistant to one and two antibiotics, respectively. The rest of Salmonella isolates (227/596, 38%) were resistant to three or more antibiotic agents. The highest multi-drug resistance (MDR) was observed in serotype S. Paratyphi B (76.5%), followed by S. Typhimurium (58.2%), and S. Enteritidis (40.2%). The most common resistance pattern of MDR isolates was ampicillin-chloramphenicol-nalidixic acid-ticarcillin (36/227, 15.8%), most of which (35/36, 97.2%) were S. Enteritidis.

지난 2000년부터 2009년까지 10년간 광주광역시 지역의 급성설사환자로부터 분리한 총 596개의 살모넬라균주에 대하여 총 16종의 항생제에 대한 감수성 검사를 실시한 결과, 내성빈도가 가장 높았던 약제는 ampicillin (43%), tetracycline (35.9%), nalidixic acid (31.5%), 그리고 chloramphenicol (26.2%) 순으로 나타났다. 혈청형 간에 항생제 내성률에 차이가 있었는데 S. Enteritidis와 S. Typhimurium이 각각 가장 높은 내성률을 보인 약제는 ampicillin (51.1%)과 tetracycline (77.9%)이었다. 총 89가지 내성패턴이 관찰되었으며, 26% (155/596)의 살모넬라 분리주는 검사한 16가지 약제에 모두 감수성을 보였다. 약 21% (127/596) 및 15% (87/596)의 분리주는 각각 한 개 및 두 개의 약제에 내성을 나타냈다. 그 외의 살모넬라 분리주(227/596, 38%)는 세가지 이상의 약제에 내성을 나타냈다(다제내성균). 다제내성균이 가장 높은 비율로 나타난 혈청형은 S. Paratyphi B (76.5%), S. Typhimurium (58.2%), 그리고 S. Enteritidis (40.2%)의 순이었다. 가장 흔한 다제내성패턴은 ampicillin-chloramphenicol-nalidixic acid-ticarcillin (36/227, 15.8%)이었으며 이러한 패턴을 보였던 다제내성균의 대부분(35/36, 97.2%)이 S. Enteritidis이었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Alvarez-Fernandez, E., Alonso-Calleja, C., Garcia-Fernandes, C., and Capita, R. 2012. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serotypes isolated from poultry in Spain: comparison between 1993 and 2006. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 153, 281-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.11.011
  2. Baay, M.F. and Huis in't Veld, J.H. 2000. Alternative antigens reduce cross-reactions in an ELISA for the detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in poultry. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 74, 243-247.
  3. Busani, L., Graziani, C., Battisti, A., Franco, A., Ricci, A., Vio, D., Digiannatale, E., Paterlini, F., D'Incau, M., Owczarek, S., and et al. 2004. Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhimurium, Enteritidis and Infantis from human infections, foodstuffs and farm animals in Italy. Epidemiol. Infect. 132, 245-251. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268803001936
  4. Castro, F.A., dos Santos, V.R., Gomes Martins, C.H., Fernandes, S.A., Zaia, J.E., and Martinez, R. 2002. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella serotypes in patients from Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil, between 1985 and 1999. Braz. J. Infect. Dis. 6, 244-251.
  5. Chopra, I. and Roberts, M. 2001. Tetracycline antibiotics: mode of action, applications, molecular biology, and epidemiology of bacterial resistance. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. 65, 232-260. https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.65.2.232-260.2001
  6. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). 2010. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; 20th informational supplement. M100-S20-U. Wayne, PA, USA.
  7. Cloeckaert, A. and Schwarz, S. 2001. Molecular characterization, spread and evolution of multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica Typhimurium DT104. Vet. Res. 32, 301-310. https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres:2001126
  8. Cruchaga, S., Echeita, A., Aladueña, A., García-Peña, J., Frias, N., and Usera, M.A. 2001. Antimicrobial resistance in salmonellae from humans, food and animals in Spain in 1998. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 47, 315-321. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/47.3.315
  9. Erdem, B., Ercis, S., Hascelik, G., Gur, D., Gedikoglu, S., Aysev, A.D., Sumerkan, B., Tatman-Otkun, M., and Tuncer, I. 2005. Antimicrobial resistance patterns and serotype distribution among Salmonella enterica strains in Turkey, 2000-2002. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 24, 220-225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-005-1293-y
  10. Fernandes, F.A., Ghilardi, A.C., Tavechio, A.T., Machado, A.M.O., and Pignatari, A.C.C. 2003. Phenotipic and molecular characterization of Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo. 45, 59-63. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652003000200001
  11. Gebreyes, W.A., Thakur, S., Davies, P.R., Funk, J.A., and Altier, C. 2004. Trends in antimicrobial resistance, phage types and integrons among Salmonella serotypes from pigs, 1997-2000. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 53, 997-1003. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkh247
  12. Glynn, M.K., Bopp, C., Dewitt, W., Dabney, P., Mokhtar, M., and Angulo, F.J. 1998. Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104 infections in the United States. N. Engl. J. Med. 338, 1333-1338. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199805073381901
  13. Gordon, M.A., Graham, S.M., Walsh, A.L., Wilson, L., Phiri, A., Molyneux, E., Zijlstra, E.E., Heyderman, R.S., Hart, C.A., and Molyneux, M.E. 2008. Epidemics of invasive Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and S. enterica serovar typhimurium infection associated with multidrug resistance among adults and children in Malawi. Clin. Infect. Dis. 46, 963-969. https://doi.org/10.1086/529146
  14. Hur, J., Choi, Y.Y., Park, J.H., Jeon, B.W., Lee, H.S., Kim, A.R., and Lee, J.H. 2011. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence-associated genes, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from piglets with diarrhea in Korea. Can. J. Vet. Res. 75, 49-56.
  15. Hwang, K.W., Oh, B.Y., Kim, J.H., Kim, M.H., Lee, E.J., Cho, N.K., Go, J.M., and Kim, Y.H. 2009. Antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance patterns of Salmonella enterica serova Enteritidis isolated from diarrhea patients, Incheon. Korean J. Microbiol. 45, 99-104.
  16. Karatzas, K.A., Randall, L.P., Webber, M., Piddock, L.J., Humphrey, T.J., Woodward, M.J., and Coldham, N.G. 2008. Phenotypic and proteomic characterization of multiply antibiotic-resistant variants of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium selected following exposure to disinfectants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74, 1508-1516. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01931-07
  17. Kim, T.S., Kim, M.J., Kim, S.H., Seo, J.J., Kee, H.Y., Jung, J.K., Ha, D.R., Kim, E.S., Moon, Y.W., Lim, S.K., and et al. 2012. Serotypes of Salmonella isolated from faeces of patients with acute diarrhoea in gwangju area, Korea, during 2000-2009. Zoonoses Public Health 59, 482-489. https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12011
  18. Korean Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (KCDCa). 2010. The prevalence and characteristics of bacteria causing acute diarrhea in Korea, 2009. Public Health Weekly Report. 3, 545-552. Available at http://www.cdc.go.kr/phwr (accessed on 3 November 2, 2012).
  19. Korean Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (KCDCb) database. 2011. Available at http://www.cdc.go.kr/contents/information/had/b/11622_view.html. (Accessed on 3 November 2, 2012).
  20. Lee, W.C., Sakai, T., Lee, M.J., Hamakawa, M., Lee, S.M., and Lee, I.M. 1996. An epidemiological study of food poisoning in Korea and Japan. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 29, 141-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(95)00075-5
  21. Lo, N.W., Chu, M.T., and Ling, J.M. 2012. Increasing quinolone resistance and multidrug resistant isolates among Salmonella enterica in Hong Kong. J. Infect. 65, 528-540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2012.08.016
  22. Lugo-Melchor, Y., Quinones, B., Amezquita-Lopez, B.A., Leon-Felix, J., García-Estrada, R., and Chaidez, C. 2010. Characterization of tetracycline resistance in Salmonella enterica strains recovered from irrigation water in the Culiacan Valley, Mexico. Microb. Drug Resist. 16, 185-190. https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2010.0022
  23. Majowicz, S.E., Musto, J., Scallan, E., Angulo, F.J., Kirk, M., O'Brien, S.J., Jones, T.F., Fazil, A., and Hoekstra, R.M. 2010. The global burden of non-typhoidal salmonellosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 50, 882-889. https://doi.org/10.1086/650733
  24. Monno, R., Rizzo, C., De Vito, D., Nucleo, E., Migilavacca, R., Pagani, L., and Rizzo, G. 2007. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases characterization of Salmonella isolates in Apulia, Southern Italy (2001-2005). Microb. Drug Resist. 13, 124-129. https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2007.683
  25. Oh, Y.H., Song, M.O., Kim, M.S., Park, S.G., and Lee, Y.K. 2005. Detection of antibiotic resistant genes in Salmonella enteric Serovar Typhimurium isolated from foodborne patients in Seoul using multiplex-PCR. J. Bacteriol. Virol. 35, 183-190.
  26. Park, S.G., Pak, S.K., Jung, J.H., and Jin, Y.H. 2002. Antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella spp. isolated from diarrhoea patients in Seoul from 1996 to 2001. J. Fd. Hyg. Safety 17, 61-70.
  27. Popoff, M.Y. 2001. Antigenic formulas the Salmonella serovars, 8th ed. WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Salmonella, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France.
  28. Parry, C.M. and Threlfall, E.J. 2008. Antimicrobial resistance in typhoidal and nontyphoidal salmonellae. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 21, 531-538. https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0b013e32830f453a
  29. Rayamajhi, N., Kang, S.G., Kang, M.L., Lee, H.S., Park, K.Y., and Yoo, H.S. 2008. Assessment of antibiotic resistance phenotype and integrons in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from swine. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 70, 1133-1137. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.70.1133
  30. Roberts, M.C. 1996. Tetracycline resistance determinants: mechanisms of action, regulation of expression, genetic mobility, and distribution. FEMS Microbiol. 19, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1996.tb00251.x
  31. Threlfall, E.J., Fisher, I.S.T., Berghold, C., Gerner-Smidt, P., Tschape, H., Cormican, M., Luzzi, I., Schnieder, F., Wannet, F.W., Machado, J., and et al. 2003. Antimicrobial drug resistance in isolates of Salmonella enterica from cases of salmonellosis in humans in Europe in 2000: results of international multi-center surveillance. Euro. Surveill. 8, 41-45. https://doi.org/10.2807/esm.08.02.00400-en
  32. World Health Organization (WHO). 1997. The medical impact of the use of antimicrobials in food animals: report and proceedings of a WHO meeting, Berlin, Germany, 13-17 October 1997. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1997. WHO document WHO/EMC/ZOO/97.4