References
- Ahmed HG, Mahgoob RM (2007). Impact of toombak dipping in the etiology of oral cancer: gender-exclusive hazard in the Sudan. J Cancer Res and Therapeutics, 3, 127-30. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.34696
- Begg S, Vos T, Barker B, et al (2007). The burden of disease and injury in Australia 2003. PHE 82. Canberra: AIHW.
- Bobak M, Jha P, Son N, Jarvis M (2000). In: Oxford medical publications. Jha P, Chaloupka F, editor. Oxford;New York: Oxford University Press. Poverty and smoking; p. 41.
- Elbeshir EI, Abeen HA, Idris AM, Abbas K (1989). Snuff dipping and oral cancer in Sudan: a retrospective study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 27, 243-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-4356(89)90152-6
- Flint AJ, Novotny TE (1997). Poverty status and cigarette smoking prevalence and cessation in the United States, 1983-1993: the independent risk of being poor. Tob Control, 6, 14-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.6.1.14
- Idris AM, Ahmed HM, Mukhtar BI, Gadir AF, el-Beshir EI (1995). Descriptive Epidemiology of oral Neoplasms in Sudan 1970-1985 and the role of Toombak. Int J Cancer, 61, 155-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910610202
- Idris AM, Ibrahim YE, Warnakulasuriya KA, et al (1998). Toombak use and cigarette smoking in the Sudan: estimates of prevalence in the Nile state. Prev Med, 27, 597-603. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1998.0331
- Idris AM, Prokopczyk B, Hoffmann D (1994). Toombak: A major risk factor for cancer of the oral cavity in Sudan. Prev Med, 23, 832-9. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1994.1141
- Laaksonen M, Rahkonen O, Karvonen S, Lahelma E (2005). Socioeconomic status and smoking: analysing inequalities with multiple indicators. Eur J Public Health, 15, 262-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cki115
- Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ (2006). Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet, 367, 1747-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68770-9
- Office of the Surgeon General (2004). National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U.S.) The health consequences of smoking a report of the Surgeon General. [Atlanta, Ga.]: U.S. Public Health Service, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/ smokingconsequences (accessed Jun 2011).
- Reijneveld SA (1998). The impact of individual and area characteristics on urban socioeconomic differences in health and smoking. Int J Epidemiol, 27, 33-40. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/27.1.33
- Santanu G, Amrita S, Shuvankar M (2012). Patterns of Alcohol Consumption among Male Adults at a Slum in Kolkata, India. J Health Popul Nutr, 30, 73-81.
- WHO (2002). The world health report 2002-reducing risks, promoting healthy life. Geneva: World Health Organization; p. 250.
- Wipfli H, Samet JM (2009). Global economic and health benefits of tobacco control: part 1. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 86, 263-71. https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.2009.93
- World Health Organization (WHO) (2008)., Research for International Tobacco Control. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2008: the MPOWER package. Geneva: World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/tobacco/ mpower/mpower_report_full_2008.
Cited by
- Awareness of Risk Factors for Cancer among Omani adults- A Community Based Study vol.15, pp.13, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.13.5401
- Association of Cigarette Prices with the Prevalence of Smoking in Korean University Students: Analysis of Effects of the Tobacco Control Policy vol.16, pp.13, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.13.5531
- Patterns of Esophageal Cancer in the National Cancer Institute at the University of Gezira, in Gezira State, Sudan, in 1999-2012 vol.16, pp.15, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.15.6481
- Current tobacco use and its associated factors among adults in a country with comprehensive ban on tobacco: findings from the nationally representative STEPS survey, Bhutan, 2014 vol.14, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12963-016-0098-9
- School workers’ knowledge, attitude and behaviour related to use of Toombak: a cross sectional study from Khartoum state, Sudan vol.17, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-017-0460-8
- Perception of health professions students of their role model status in Toombak cessation: A cross-sectional study from Sudan vol.14, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210837