해양환경안전학회지 (Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety)

  • 제19권2호
  • /
  • Pages.129-137
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  • 2013
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  • 1229-3431(pISSN)
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  • 2287-3341(eISSN)
해양환경안전학회 (The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safety)
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대형 기름유출사고와 방제조치에 관한 연구 -1. 국내외 해양기름오염사고 건수와 유출량

Overview of Major Oil Spill at Sea and Details of Various Response Actions -1. Number and Volume of Marine Oil Spills in Korea and in the World

  • 김광수 (목포해양대학교 해상운송시스템학부)
  • Kim, Kwang-Soo (Division of Maritime Transportation System, Mokpo National Maritime University)
  • 투고 : 2013.01.20
  • 심사 : 2013.04.25
  • 발행 : 2013.04.30
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초록

해양기름오염방지를 위한 정량적 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 최근 20년간(1993년-2012년) 국내 및 세계의 해양에서 발생한 기름유출사고에 관한 통계자료를 수집하고 분석하였다. 최근 20년간 국내 연안에서 발생한 기름오염사고건수는 총계 6,608건으로 평균 약 330건/년이었고 기름유출량은 총계 57,328 kL로 평균 약 2,866 kL/년이었다. 국내에서 유조선의 대량기름유출사고로 인하여 연간유출량이 1993년에 15,388 kL, 1995년에 15,773 kL, 1997년에 3,428 kL, 2007년에 13,008 kL로 크게 증가하였다. 최근 20년간(1993년-2012년) 세계의 사고건수는, 기름유출량이 8 kL(7톤) 이상인 경우, 총계 420건으로 평균 21건/년이었고, 세계의 기름유출량은 총계 약 800,000 kL(704,000톤)로 평균 약 40,000 kL(35,200톤)/년이었다. 특히 2012년에는 800 kL(700톤)을 초과하는 기름유출사고가 발생하지 않았다. 그러나 기름유출량이 8 kL(7톤) 이상인 사고에서 유조선의 대량기름유출사고로 인하여 세계의 연간기름유출량은 1993년에 약 159,000 kL(140,000톤), 1994년에 약 147,600 kL(130,000톤), 1996년에 약 90,900 kL(80,000톤), 1997년에 약 81,800 kL(72,000톤), 2002년에 약 76,100 kL(67,000톤)로 크게 증가하였다. 국내와 세계를 비교하면, 국내적으로나 세계적으로 공히 20년간 연간사고건수와 연간기름유출량과의 상관관계는 명확하지 않았으며 사고건수와 유출량이 모두 연도별로 변동 폭이 크지만 해가 거듭될수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 2008년부터 세계의 사고건수와 유출량은 모두 크게 감소하였고, 특히 2012년에는 800 kL(700톤) 이상의 기름유출사고는 발생하지 않았다.

In order to obtain quantitative basic data for marine oil pollution prevention, the statistics of oil spill incidents in Korea and in the world for 20 years from 1993 to 2012 were collected and analyzed with relation to the number of oil spills and the amount of oil spilt. In Korea for 20 years, total number and average annual number of oil spills were 6,608 cases and nearly 330 cases/year, respectively, and total volume and average annual volume of oils spilt were 57,328 kL and nearly 2,866 kL/year, respectively. Due to major oil spills from oil tankers, annual volumes of oils spilt in Korea were sharply increased to 15,388 kL in 1993, 15,773 kL in 1995, 3,428 kL in 1997 and 13,008 kL in 2007. In case of worldwide oil spills for 20 years, total number and average annual number of oil spills of 8 kL (or 7 tonnes) and above were 420 cases and 21 cases/year, respectively, and total amount and average annual amount of oils spilt 8 kL (or 7 tonnes) and above were about 800,000 kL (or 704,000 tonnes) and about 40,000 kL/year (or 35,200 tonnes/year), respectively. Major oil spills from oil tankers increased massively annual amounts of oils spilt worldwide to about 159,000 kL (or 140,000 tonnes) in 1993, about 147,600 kL (or 130,000 tonnes) in 1994, about 90,900 kL (80,000 tonnes) in 1996, about 81,800 kL (72,000 tonnes) in 1997 and about 76,100 kL (or 67,000 tonnes) in 2002. Obvious correlation between annual number of oil spills and annual amount of oil spilt was not found in both Korea and the world, while both annual number and annual volume tended to decrease with the lapse of year in both Korea and the world, though there were wide fluctuations from year to year in both annual number of oil spills and annual amount of oils spilt worldwide and in Korea for 20 years. From 2008 to 2012 worldwide, there were sharp decreases in both annual number and annual amount of oil spills. In particular, no oil spill of 800 kL (or 700 tonnes) and above occurred in the year of 2012.

키워드

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