Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
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Effects of Pretreatment and Drying Methods on Quality and Antioxidant Activities of Dried Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba) Fruit

전처리 조건 및 건조방법에 따른 건조대추의 품질특성 및 항산화 활성

  • Kim, Jae-Won (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Lee, Shin-Ho (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • No, Hong-Kyoon (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Hong, Joo-Heon (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Park, Chang-Su (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Youn, Kwang-Sup (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Catholic University of Daegu)
  • 김재원 (대구가톨릭대학교 식품공학전공) ;
  • 이신호 (대구가톨릭대학교 식품공학전공) ;
  • 노홍균 (대구가톨릭대학교 식품공학전공) ;
  • 홍주헌 (대구가톨릭대학교 식품공학전공) ;
  • 박창수 (대구가톨릭대학교 식품공학전공) ;
  • 윤광섭 (대구가톨릭대학교 식품공학전공)
  • Received : 2013.04.08
  • Accepted : 2013.07.23
  • Published : 2013.08.31
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Abstract

This study was performed to determine the effects of pretreatment (NT: non-treatment, BTS: boiling treatment with 3% sodium chloride, DTG: dipping treatment in glycerol) and drying methods (sun drying, hot air drying, and cold air drying) on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of dried jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) fruits. Our results show that moisture content is lower (P<0.05) with DTG, and that moisture content is lower with hot air drying compared to other drying methods. The bulk density was highest with BTS. The soluble solids content was highest with DTG. Additionally, the soluble solids content were highest in the following order: hot air drying> cold air drying> sun drying. The titratable acidity of hot air drying was highest of all the drying methods. The titratable acidity was higher with NT and DTG, and the brix and acid ratio of sun drying was higher than other drying methods. Among the drying methods, BTS showed the best browning-retarding effect, whereas boiling treatment affected quality and color. The total polyphenol content from hot air drying and NT or DTG treatment was relatively higher than the content from BTS. The flavonoid content was highest with BTS, and all dried jujube showed relatively high antioxidant activities. The sensory evaluation results indicated that the organoleptic scores for overall preference were higher in the NT and DTG treatment groups. These results suggest that pretreatment and drying methods affect the quality of dried jujube fruit, and show that glycerol treatment with hot air drying can be applied to the production of high quality dried jujube.

건조 전처리와 건조방법에 따른 대추의 건조특성과 품질의 변화를 비교분석 하였다. 수분함량은 glyceol 전처리에서 유의적으로 낮았고 열풍건조가 천일 및 냉풍건조에 비해 건조효율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 가밀도는 NaCl boiling 처리에서 가장 높았고, 가용성 고형분의 함량의 경우 열풍건조, 냉풍건조, 천일건조 순으로 높은 함량을 나타내었으며 전반적으로 glycerol 침지에서 높은 함량을 보였다. 적정산도는 열풍건조가 타 건조 방법에 비해 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 전처리에 따라서는 무처리 및 glycerol 침지에서 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 반면 boiling 처리 시 대추 고유의 산도는 저하되는 것으로 나타났다. 당산비의 경우 천일건조에서 가장 높았으며 다음으로 냉풍건조 열풍건조 순으로 나타났고, 전처리에 따라서는 NaCl boiling> glycerol> 무처리 순으로 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 갈변도는 열풍건조, 냉풍건조, 천일건조 순으로, 전처리 방법에 따라서는 NaCl boiling, 무처리, glycerol 침지 순으로 높은 값을 나타내었다. 적색도의 경우 무처리가 NaCl boiling 및 glycerol 침지에 비해 유의적으로 높은 경향을 나타내었으며, boiling 처리한 건조 대추의 경우 적색도는 감소하고 황색도는 증가하는 것으로 나타나 기호성이 다소 저하되는 것으로 관찰되었다. 건조방법에 따른 폴리페놀 함량은 열풍건조> 냉풍건조> 천일건조순으로 높은 함량이 검출되었으며, 전처리 방법 간에는 무처리 및 glycerol 침지가 NaCl boiling 처리에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 반면 플라보노이드 함량에서는 boiling 전처리를 행한 모든 건조방법에서 높은 함량이 검출되었다. DPPH, ABTS 라디칼 소거활성은 유용성분의 함량과 항산화 활성간의 비례적인 상관관계를 나타내었으며, 열풍건조에서 유의적으로 높은 라디칼 소거활성을 나타내었다. 관능검사 결과 NaCl boiling 처리는 외관과 함께 품질이 가장 떨어지는 것으로 나타났으며, 종합적 기호도는 glycerol 침지가 가장 기호성이 높은 것으로 조사되었고 다음으로 무처리, boiling 순이었다. 이상의 결과 종합적 기호도 및 이화학적, 기능적 품질특성을 고려해 보았을 때 glycerol 전처리와 열풍건조 방법을 효과적으로 이용하는 것이 건조효율 증대 및 품질손상을 억제할 수 있는 방안이 될 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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