Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on Life Styles, Dietary Attitudes and Dietary Behaviors According to Extracurricular Activities of Elementary Students in Sejong

세종시 일부 초등학생의 과외수강에 따른 생활습관, 식태도 및 식행동에 대한 연구

  • Oh, Keun-Jeong (Major in Nutrition Education, Graduate School of Education, Kongju National University) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Hyun (Dept. of Food & Nutrition, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Myung-Hee (Division of Food Science, Kongju National University) ;
  • Choi, Mi-Kyeong (Division of Food Science, Kongju National University)
  • 오근정 (공주대학교 교육대학원 영양교육전공) ;
  • 김미현 (강원대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김명희 (공주대학교 식품과학부) ;
  • 최미경 (공주대학교 식품과학부)
  • Received : 2013.04.08
  • Accepted : 2013.05.03
  • Published : 2013.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Parents in South Korea are known for their high level of educational zeal for their children. As a result, their children usually take extra classes in institutions as well as participate in other extracurricular activities such as sports and music. The purpose of this study was to examine the lifestyle and dietary behaviors of Korean elementary students involved in such activities. The total number of subjects was 550 fourth to sixth graders in elementary schools in Sejong, Korea. Of the total subjects, 88.0% were involved in extracurricular classes or other activities for an average of 7.34 hours/week. The subjects were assigned to one of four groups based on the degree of extracurricular activities: No extra-class (n=66), Low extra-class (1${\leq}$taking time<5 hours/week, n=118), Medium extra-class (5${\leq}$taking time<10 hours/week, n=184), and High extra-class (taking time${\geq}$10 hours/week, n=182). More subjects in the High extra-class group went to bed late (P<0.01), were under stress (P<0.01), and skipped breakfast, compared with those in the other groups. The ratio of students who answered 'I go to an institute without a meal' (P<0.01), 'I prepare a meal for myself' (P=0.053), or 'I eat out before going to an institute' (P<0.01) was higher in the High extra-class group than in the Low extra-class group. The frequency of eating fast food was higher in the High extra-class group, compared with the other groups. These results indicate that a high amount of extracurricular studies may have a negative effect on the children's lifestyles and dietary behaviors. Therefore, this study alerts parents to the potential harm of excessive extracurricular activities to their children's health.

초등학교 4~6학년의 학령기는 정신적, 신체적으로 급격히 성장하는 중요한 시기로 영양태도 및 식습관 형성이 확립되고 이는 곧 성인기까지 이어진다. 본 연구는 세종특별자치시 초등학교에 다니는 4~6학년 550명을 대상으로 학생들의 과외학습 실태, 수강 시간에 따른 식태도 및 식행동을 조사하여 과외학습의 정도가 학령기 아동의 생활습관, 식태도 및 식행동에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 조사대상자 중 남학생 270명(49.1%), 여학생 280명(50.9%)이었으며, 과외를 받지 않는 무수강군은 66명(12.0%), 과외를 받고 있는 학생은 484명(88.0%)이었다. 주당 평균 수강 시간은 7.34시간이었으며, 과외학습 종류의 수는 저수강군 2.11개, 중수강군 2.51개, 고수강군 3.27개였다. 기상시간은 아침 6~7시가 가장 많았고, 고수강군은 기상시간이 가장 늦었으며, 깨워야 일어난다는 학생비율이 높았다. 취침시간은 수강군별 유의한 차이를 보여 밤 11~12시에 취침하는 학생이 고수강군에서 가장 많았다(P<0.01). 수면 만족도에서 '수면이 부족하다'는 비율은 고수강군이 더 높았으나, 유의적 차이는 없었다. 스트레스가 많다는 학생은 유의적 차이는 없었으나 저수강군보다 고수강군이 많았다. 식태도의 평균 점수는 무수강군 3.88점, 저수강군 3.90점, 중수강군 3.80점, 고수강군 3.85점으로 저수강군이 가장 높았다(P<0.001). 식사 빈도는 수강군 간에 유의적 차이는 없었으나, 고수강군이 저수강군보다 아침을 먹지 않는다는 학생들이 많았다. 과외학습을 받는 학생에서 '학원에 굶고 간다'와 '사 먹고 학원에 간다'는 고수강군일수록 많았으며(각 P<0.01), '내가 챙겨 먹는다'는 학생은 고수강군일수록 많았으나 유의적 차이는 없었다. '학원가기 전 먹는 간식이 영양적으로 괜찮다고 생각한다'는 질문에 '그렇다'고 응답한 학생은 고수강군이 더 많았고, '아니다'라고 응답한 학생은 저수강군이 가장 많아 4군 간 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.001). 과외학습을 받기 전 주로 먹는 음식의 종류는 과일, 우유, 떡, 감자 등을 먹는 학생이 가장 많았다. 반면 패스트푸드와 인스턴트를 자주 먹는 비율이 고수강군이 높게 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과를 종합하면, 과외학습 수강 시간이 많아질수록 수면이 부족하고 스트레스를 더 많이 받는 경향을 보였다. 식태도는 수강상태에 따른 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않은 반면, 실제적인 식행동은 과외수강 상태와 유의적인 관련성을 보여, 고수강군의 학생들일수록 학원에 굶고 가거나 외식을 하는 비율이 높고, 패스트푸드나 인스턴트 음식을 사먹는 비율이 높았다. 본 연구결과를 통해 지나친 과외학습은 아동의 생활습관 및 식습관에 영향을 주어 건강 및 정상적인 성장발달에도 좋지 않은 영향을 미칠 가능성이 제시되었다. 따라서 가정에서 자녀들의 학습에 대한 관심 증가에 따라서 식생활 및 영양문제에도 많은 관심을 가져야 하며, 가정과 학교 및 지역사회가 연계된 아동들의 식사 및 영양지도가 강화되어야 할 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Han JS, Kim KS, Kim YH, Kim HO, Kim HJ, Park SM, An CS, Han SH. 2011. Nutrition through the life cycle. Jigu Publishing Co., Seoul, Korea. p 134, 149.
  2. Lee SS. 2010. Effects of elementary school students' stress from extracurricular learning on academic attitude. MS Thesis. Daejin University, Seoul, Korea. p 4.
  3. Statistics Korea. 2011. The survey of private education expenditure. Daejeon, Korea.
  4. Lee YS, Im HS, An HS, Jang NS. 2003. Nutrition through the life cycle. Kyomunsa Co., Seoul, Korea. p 260.
  5. Kim MJ. 2007. A study on dietary habits and nutrient intake of school aged children based on the amount of their extracurricular studies. MS Thesis. Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea. p 10-11.
  6. Sin EK. 2007. Fast food consumption patterns of 6th grade elementary school children in Seoul. MS Thesis. Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea. p 18.
  7. Chung SJ, Kim JH, Lee JS, Lee DH, Kim SH, Yu CH. 2004. A suggestion to develop a nutrition policy on food and nutrition labeling and education systems for fast food and carbonated soft drinks in Korea. Korean J Nutr 37: 394-405.
  8. Hong JH. 2010. Evaluation of the relationships among extracurricular activities, stress and dietary behavior in elementary school children. MS Thesis. Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea. p 57-58, 67-74.
  9. The Korean Nutrition Society. 2010. Dietary reference intake for Koreans. The Korean Nutrition Society, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Korea.
  10. Song EY. 2007. Relationship between stress from private education and self conception on learning according to the characteristics of private education classes. MS Thesis. Chuncheon National University of Education, Chuncheon, Korea. p 27-28.
  11. Heo JW, Lee DH, Hwang YW, Kim HS. 2010. The effects of stress experienced from joining extracurricular activities after school on academic attitudes and study habits in elementary school students. J Humanities 15: 195-212.
  12. Park IJ. 2007. Actual survey on intake of snacks and selfpurchased snacks due to the lack of sleep in high school students in Gwangju. MS Thesis. Dongshin University, Jeonnam, Korea. p 1-20.
  13. Lee SI. 2009. A study on the correlation between the sleep quality and snack intake of the middle-school students in Jeonnam province. MS Thesis. Dongshin University, Jeonnam, Korea. p 23-24.
  14. Lee SH, Doh HS, Cho MK, Ku SK. 2010. Exploring pathways from mothers' beliefs to children's subjective well-being: The mediating effects of children's private after-school education and stress levels. Korean J Child Studies 31: 255-272.
  15. Roh SZ, Lee DH, Kim IS, Song YJ. 2012. Relation among extracurricular activities, depression, anxiety, and ADHD symptoms among elementary school students. J Humanities 29: 309-343.
  16. Goh JS. 2007. Impact of dietary habits and academic stress on obesity in elementary schoolers. PhD Dissertation. Myongji University, Seoul, Korea. p 21-22.
  17. Bea JY. 2004. A study on the relationship between elementary students' stress caused by private tutoring and their self-control and adaption to school life. MS Thesis. Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea. p 2.
  18. Lee JE, Jung IK. 2005. The perception of parents on the eating habits and nutritional education of their elementary school children. J Korean Home Economics Association 43:67-77.
  19. Kim MH, Lee KA. 2003. A comparison of the perceptions of children and their mothers of the effects of school lunch programs on children's dietary behaviors. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 32: 636-644. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.4.636
  20. Kwon BA, Kwon SH. 2011. A comparative study on influence of nutrition's teaching diet and nutrition to employment school students; Influences on nutrition knowledge, food habits, dietary behaviors. J Korea Sport Research 22: 15-25.
  21. Jo EH. 2011. Comparison of knowledge on nutrition and dietary habits before and after nutrition education based on adolescent dietary guideline: focused on middle school students. MS Thesis. Dankook University, Seoul, Korea. p 31-32.
  22. Choi EI. 2010. The effect of middle school students' extracurricular studies on eating behavior and snake intake. MS Thesis. Graduate School of Education, Youngnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea. p 27.
  23. You JS, Kim SM, Chang KJ. 2009. Nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior of the 6th grade elementary school students in Daejeon area by gender and skipping breakfast. Korean J Nutr 42: 256-267. https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2009.42.3.256
  24. Bang YM, Kim KY, Lee MS, Na BJ. 2006. A study on the related factors of skipping breakfast in elementary students. Korean J Health Education and Promotion 23: 17-35.
  25. Lee SE. 2009. A study on the status of skipping breakfast and dietary behavior for high-grade elementary school students in Gyeonggi area. MS Thesis. Myongji University, Seoul, Korea. p 17-18.
  26. Park SK. 2010. A study on dietary habit and nutrient intakes according to skipping meal of elementary students in Incheon. MS Thesis. Gongju University, Yesan, Korea. p 17-18.
  27. Park NR. 2009. The dietary life attitude and the fast foods consumption patterns of teenagers. MS Thesis. Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea. p 2.
  28. Kim YS, Rha YA. 2005. A study for dietary behaviors of elementary school students in Seoul by gender. Korean J Culinary Research 11: 77-91.
  29. Kim MH, Bae YJ, Lee HJ, Choi MK. 2009. The evaluation of nutritional knowledge and dietary habits according to sex and mother's employment status in middle school students. J East Asian Soc Dietary Life 19: 921-927.
  30. Oh S, Hyun WJ Lee H, Park H, Lim H, Song K. 2010. A study on the stress and the dietary habits of elementary school children by mother's employment status. Korean J Community Nutr 15: 498-506.
  31. Kang HY. 2004. Analyses on eating habits and consumption of instant foods of the elementary school students in Chungnam province. MS Thesis. Gongju University, Yesan, Korea. p 23.
  32. Park SJ. 2009. The comparative study on consumption patterns of the fast-foods and eating habits of elementary, middle and high school students in Jeonbuk area. MS Thesis. Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea. p 13.