Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Variation and Correlation of Shearing Force with Feed Nutritional Characteristics of Wheat Straw

  • Cui, X.M. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University) ;
  • Yang, Z.B. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University) ;
  • Yang, W.R. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University) ;
  • Jiang, S.Z. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University) ;
  • Zhang, G.G. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University) ;
  • Liu, L. (Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Ji'ning City) ;
  • Wu, B.R. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University) ;
  • Wang, Z.F. (Shandong Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station)
  • Received : 2013.01.04
  • Accepted : 2013.05.09
  • Published : 2013.10.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the variation laws and correlations of shearing force and feed characteristics including morphological characteristic, chemical composition and in situ degradability of wheat straw. Feasibility of evaluating the nutritional value of wheat straws with shearing force values was analyzed in this study. Six hundred wheat straw plants (Jimai 22) were randomly selected and placed in a cool and ventilated place. Samples were collected in the 1st, 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th d after harvest to measure shearing force, morphological characteristic, nutritional composition. Rumen degradation of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of wheat straws were determined by the nylon bags method. The results demonstrated that linear and quadratic effects of storage time on all the tested morphological characteristics were significantly correlative (p<0.01). As storage time goes on, all the tested nutrients and their rumen degradations of wheat straw was linearly (p<0.01) and quadratic (p<0.01) correlative except ADF content and rumen degradation of ADF. Significant correlations were determined in linear effect of shearing force on morphological characteristics (p<0.01), and linear density and diameter were a more sensitive predictor than stem thickness for shearing force. There were strong correlations between storage time and all the measured physical characteristics (shearing force, morphological characteristics and shearing force standardized by morphological characteristics) (p<0.01). Nutrition compositions were linearly correlative with shearing force and standardized shearing force (p<0.01). The linear correlation between rumen degradation of DM and NDF and shearing force and standardized shearing force were evident (p<0.01). In conclusion, shearing force, nutrition compositions and their rumen degradation of wheat straw were still dynamic with storage time after harvest. Correlation could be found between shearing force and nutritional characteristics of wheat straw. Nutrient content, morphological index and rumen degradation of DM and NDF could be predicted by changes in shearing force. Shearing force should be applied according to a standardized storage time when it is used to forecast the feed value of wheat straws.

Keywords

References

  1. Akira Kokubo, Naoki Sakurai, Susumu Kuraishi, and Kazuyoshi Takeda. 1991. Culm brittleness of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mutants is caused by smaller number of cellulose molecules in cell wall. Plant Physiol. 97:509-514. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.97.2.509
  2. Akira Kokubo, Susumu Kuraishi, and Naoki Sakurai. 1989. Culm strength of barley. Correlation among maximum bending stress, cell wall dimensions, and cellulose content. Plant Physiol. 91: 876- 882. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.91.3.876
  3. Chen, Y. X., J. Chen, Y. F. Zhang, and D. W. Zhou. 2007. Effects of harvest date on shearing force of maize stems. Livest. Sci. 111:33-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2006.11.013
  4. Esau, K. 1977. Anatomy of seed plants. Wiley, New York, p. 550.
  5. Evans, P. S. 1967a. Leaf strength studies of pasture grasses. I. Apparatus, techniques and some factors affecting leaf strength. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.) 69:171-174. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600018554
  6. Evans, P. S. 1967b. Leaf strength studies of pasture grasses. II. Strength, cellulose content and sclerenchyma tissue proportions of eight grasses grown as single plants. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.) 69:175-181. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600018566
  7. Feng, Y. L. 2004. Ruminant nutrition. Science Technology Press, Beijing, p. 574 (In Chinese).
  8. Herrro, M., C. B. do. Valle, N. R. G. Hughes, V. de O. Sabatel, and N. S. Jessop. 2001. Measurements of physical strength and their relationship to the chemical composition of four species of Brachiaria. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 92:149-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(01)00261-9
  9. Herrro, M., C. B. do. Valle, N. R. G. Hughes, V. de O. Sabatel, and N. S. Jessop. 2001. Measurements of physical strength and their relationship to the chemical composition of four species of Brachiaria. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 92:149-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(01)00261-9
  10. Hughes, N. R. G., C. B. do. Valle, V. Sabatel, J. Boock, N. S. Jessop, and M. Herrero. 2000. Shearing strength as an additional selection criterion for quality in Brachiaria pasture ecotypes. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.). 135:123-130. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859699008084
  11. Inoue, T., I. M. Brookes, A. John, W. F. Hunt, and T. N. Barry. 1994a. Effects of leaf shear breaking load on the feeding value of perennial ryegrass (Loliun perenne) for sheep: I. Effects on leaf anatomy and morphology. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.), 123: 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002185960006785X
  12. Inoue, T., I. M. Brookes, A. John, W. F. Hunt, and T. N. Barry. 1994b. Effects of leaf shear breaking load on the feeding value of perennial ryegrass (Loliun perenne) for sheep: II. Effects on feed intake, particle breakdown, rumen digesta outflow and animal performance. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.). 123:137-147. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600067861
  13. Iwaasa, A. D., K. A. Beauchemin, J. G. Buchanan-Smith, and S. N. Acharya. 1996. A shearing technique measuring resistance properties of plant stems. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 57:225-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(95)00859-4
  14. Iwaasa, A. D., K. A. Beauchemin, S. N. Acharya, S. R. Bowley, and J. G. Buchanan-Smith. 1998. Shearing force of alfalfa stems as affected by seeding rate. Can. J. Plant. Sci. 78:273-280. https://doi.org/10.4141/P97-042
  15. Liu, L., Z. B. Yang, W. R. Yang, S. Z. Jiang, and G. G. Zhang. 2009a. Correlations among shearing force, morphological characteristic, chemical composition, and in situ digestibility of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) Stem. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 22:520-527. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2009.80477
  16. Mackinnon, B. W., H. S. Easton, T. N. Barry, and J. R. Sedcole. 1988. The effect of reduced leaf shear strength on the nutritive value of perennial ryegrass. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.). 111:469-474. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600083659
  17. McClellad, D. J. and R. E. Spielrein. 1957. An investigation of the ultimate bending strength of some common pasture plants. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 2:288-292.
  18. Mehrez, A. Z., and E. R. Orskov. 1977. A study of the artificial fiber bag technique for determining the digestibility of feeds in the rumen. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.) 88:645-650. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600037321
  19. Mowat, D. N., R. S. Fulkerso, and E. E. Gamble. 1967. Relationship between stem diameter and in vitro digestibility of forage. Can. J. Plant. Sci. 47:423-426. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps67-074
  20. Prince, R. P., D. D. Wolf, Jr., and J. W. Bartok. 1965. The physical property measurements of forage stalks. Agric. Exp. Sta., University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT. Bull, pp. 1-27.
  21. Wilkins, R. J. 1966. The digestibility of forage and its relationship to lignification. Ph.D. Thesis. University of New England.
  22. Wilkins, R. J. 1972. The potential digestibility of cellulose in grasses and its relationship with chemical and anatomical parameters. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.) 78:457-464. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600026381
  23. Wilson, D. 1965. Nutritive value and genetic relationship of cellulose content and tensile strength in Lolium. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.). 65:285-292. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002185960004884X
  24. Wilson, J. R. 1994. Cell wall characteristics in relation to forage digestion by ruminants - A Review. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.). 122: 173-182. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600087347
  25. Wilson, J. R., M. N. Mcleod, and D. J. Minson. 1989. Particle size reduction of the leaves of a tropical and temperate grass by cattle: 1. Effects of chewing during eating and varying times of digestion. Grass Forage Sci. 44:55-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1989.tb01910.x

Cited by

  1. Dynamics of shearing force and its correlations with chemical compositions and in vitro dry matter digestibility of stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis) stem vol.30, pp.12, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.17.0077