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Safety Accidents and Physical Fatigue of School Foodservice Employees

학교급식 조리종사원의 안전사고 실태 및 신체적 피로도 분석

  • Cho, Yeon-Jung (Nutrition Education Major, Graduate School of Education, Kyungnam University) ;
  • Kim, Hyun-Ah (Dept. of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Kyungnam University)
  • 조연정 (경남대학교 교육대학원 영양교육전공) ;
  • 김현아 (경남대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2013.04.22
  • Accepted : 2013.07.17
  • Published : 2013.09.30

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety accidents and physical fatigues of school foodservice employees. Out of 300 questionnaires distributed from December 1~20, 2011, 276 responded. After excluding 54 incomplete questionnaires, 222 (usage rate: 74%) were examined in the final analysis. First, our results showed that in terms of safety accidents, most received bruises (92.8%), followed by burns (73.0%), cuts and lacerated wounds (69.4%), sprains (47.7%), falls (42.8%), fractures/dislocations (31.5%) and electric shock (2.7%). Second, we found that the average degree of physical fatigue of school foodservice employees was 3.65 based on the 5-point Likert scale. Specifically, pain in the arms and wrist was rated the highest, at 4.18. Third, results showed that the factors affecting physical fatigue were 'class of school' (P<0.05), 'frequency of meal serving per day' (P<0.05), 'no. of meals served per day' (P<0.001), 'no. of meals per employee' (P<0.05) and 'warm-up exercise before starting work' (P<0.05). This means that foodservice employees serving middle schools, serving meals three times per day, serving more than 1,000 meals per day, and serving more than 111 meals per employee perceive higher levels of physical fatigue. In addition, the physical fatigue of those who perform warm-up exercises before starting work was significantly lower than those who do not perform warm-up exercises before work (P<0.05). In conclusion, the frequently occurring major safety accidents of school foodservice employees were bruises and burns. An increase in workload also leads to the increasing physical fatigue of school foodservice employees. Thus, to lower the physical fatigue of school foodservice employees, school foodservice employees should be encouraged to perform warm-up exercises before staring work and new staffing guidelines for school foodservice employees should be developed.

본 연구는 향후 학교급식 안전관리 개선 방안 모색에 도움이 되고자 경남지역 초 중 고등학교 조리종사원을 대상으로 학교급식소 안전사고 실태 및 신체적 피로도를 분석하고자 수행되었다. 2011년 12월 1일부터 20일까지 총 300부의 설문지를 배부하여 276부가 회수되었고, 이 중 응답 내용이 불충분한 54부를 제외하고 총 222부(74%)를 최종 분석 자료로 사용하였으며, 본 연구 결과의 요약은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 안전사고 유형별 경험 유무 및 발생 빈도 조사 결과 타박상 경험자는 92.8%, 화상 경험자 73.0%, 피부외상 경험자 69.4%, 염좌 경험자 47.7%, 낙상 경험자 42.8%, 골절 탈구 경험자 31.5%, 감전사고 경험자 2.7% 순으로 나타났으며, 안전사고 유형별 발생 정도는 화상 2.04, 타박상 3.18, 염좌 1.64, 피부외상 2.07, 감전사고 1.06, 골절 탈구 1.42, 낙상 1.52로 나타나 타박상의 경험율 및 발생 빈도가 가장 높았다. 둘째, 노동 강도가 가장 크다고 생각되는 작업공정으로는 청소(55.4%), 안전사고가 가장 많이 발생하는 작업공정으로는 주조리 과정(48.6%), 급식소 안전사고의 주된 원인으로는 조리종사원의 과도한 업무량(3.52)이 조사되었다. 셋째, 조사대상이 작업 시 자각하는 신체적 피로도는 팔과 손목의 통증 4.18로 가장 높게 나타났으며 어깨의 통증 4.10, 척추의 통증 3.88, 빠른 피로감 3.81, 눈의 피로 3.70, 다리의 통증 3.69, 발바닥과 발목 통증 3.62, 귀의 이상 3.63, 목의 통증 3.45, 체중의 변화 3.21, 두통 2.95의 순으로 분석되었다. 넷째, 학교급식 조리종사원의 신체적 피로도에 영향 미치는 요인은 학교급(P<0.05), 1일 급식횟수(P<0.05), 1일 급식인원(P<0.001), 조리종사원 1인당 급식인원(P<0.05), 근무전 준비 운동 여부(P<0.05)로 중학교, 1일 3식을 제공하는 학교, 1일 급식 인원이 1,000명 이상인 학교, 조리종사원 1인당 급식인원이 110명 초과인 학교의 조리종사원의 신체적 피로도가 높았으며, 준비운동을 하는 경우 신체적 피로도가 낮았다. 본 연구 결과로부터 다음과 같이 제언하고자 한다. 첫째, 학교급식 조리종사원들이 가장 많이 안전사고가 발생한다고 생각하는 작업공정은 주조리 과정으로 이에 대한 정확한 작업환경을 진단하여 인체공학적 작업환경 개선이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 둘째, 노동 강도가 가장 크다고 생각하는 청소 과정에서 무거운 물체를 들거나 반복동작으로 의한 근골격계 질환 예방하기 위해 관련시설 및 장비의 보완이 필요하겠다. 셋째, 노동량의 증가에 따라 신체적 피로도가 증가함을 알 수 있었으므로 조리종사원의 적정 인력기준에 대한 후속 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다. 넷째, 준비운동을 할 때 신체적 피로도가 낮은 것으로 나타났으므로, 근무 시작 전 준비운동이 이루어지도록 충분한 교육이 이루어져야 하겠다.

Keywords

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