Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Biruloquinone, an Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Produced by Lichen-Forming Fungus Cladonia macilenta

  • Luo, Heng (Department of Biology and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Li, Changtian (College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University) ;
  • Kim, Jin Cheol (Eco-friendly New Materials Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology) ;
  • Liu, Yanpeng (Department of Biology and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Jung, Jae Sung (Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Koh, Young Jin (Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Hur, Jae-Seoun (Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University)
  • Received : 2012.07.13
  • Accepted : 2012.09.10
  • Published : 2013.02.28
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Abstract

At present, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are the first group of drugs to treat mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although beneficial in improving cognitive and behavioral symptoms, the effectiveness of AChE inhibitors has been questioned since they do not delay or prevent neurodegeneration in AD patients. Therefore, in the present study, in order to develop new and effective anti-AD agents from lichen products, both the AChE inhibitory and the neuroprotective effects were evaluated. The AChE inhibitory assay was performed based on Ellman's reaction, and the neuroprotective effect was evaluated by using the MTT method on injured PC12 cells. One AChE inhibitor ($IC_{50}$ = 27.1 ${\mu}g/ml$) was isolated by means of bioactivity-guided isolation from the extract of lichen-forming fungus Cladonia macilenta, which showed the most potent AChE inhibitory activity in previous screening experiment. It was then identified as biruloquinone by MS, and $^1H$- and $^{13}C$-NMR analyses. The inhibitory kinetic assay suggested that biruloquinone is a mixed-II inhibitor on AChE. Meanwhile, biruloquinone improved the viability of the $H_2O_2$- and ${\beta}$-amyloid-injured PC12 cells at 1 to 25 ${\mu}g/ml$. The protective effects are proposed to be related to the potent antioxidant activities of biruloquinone. These results imply that biruloquinone has the potential to be developed as a multifunctional anti- AD agent.

Keywords

References

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