Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Statistical Optimization for Monacolin K and Yellow Pigment Production and Citrinin Reduction by Monascus purpureus in Solid-State Fermentation

  • Jirasatid, Sani (Division of Biotechnology, School of Bioresources and Technology) ;
  • Nopharatana, Montira (Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi) ;
  • Kitsubun, Panit (Biochemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Research and Development Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi) ;
  • Vichitsoonthonkul, Taweerat (Division of Biotechnology, School of Bioresources and Technology) ;
  • Tongta, Anan (Division of Biotechnology, School of Bioresources and Technology)
  • Received : 2012.06.27
  • Accepted : 2012.11.16
  • Published : 2013.03.28
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Abstract

Monacolin K and yellow pigment, produced by Monascus sp., have each been proven to be beneficial compounds as antihypercholesterolemic and anti-inflammation agents, respectively. However, citrinin, a human toxic substance, was also synthesized in this fungus. In this research, solidstate fermentation of M. purpureus TISTR 3541 was optimized by statistical methodology to obtain a high production of monacolin K and yellow pigment along with a low level of citrinin. Fractional factorial design was applied in this study to identify the significant factors. Among the 13 variables, five parameters (i.e., glycerol, methionine, sodium nitrate, cultivation time, and temperature) influencing monacolin K, yellow pigment, and citrinin production were identified. A central composite design was further employed to investigate the optimum level of these five factors. The maximum production of monacolin K and yellow pigment of 5,900 mg/kg and 1,700 units/g, respectively, and the minimum citrinin concentration of 0.26 mg/kg were achieved in the medium containing 2% glycerol, 0.14% methionine, and 0.01% sodium nitrate at $25^{\circ}C$ for 16 days of cultivation. The yields of monacolin K and yellow pigment were about 3 and 1.5 times higher than the basal medium, respectively, whereas citrinin was dramatically reduced by 36 times.

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References

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