Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

  • 제26권12호
  • /
  • Pages.1689-1697
  • /
  • 2013
  • /
  • 1011-2367(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1976-5517(eISSN)
아세아태평양축산학회 (Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Physical Form and Urea Treatment of Rice Straw on Rumen Fermentation, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Nutrient Digestibility in Dairy Steers

  • Gunun, P. (Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Wanapat, M. (Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Anantasook, N. (Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University)
  • 투고 : 2013.04.07
  • 심사 : 2013.06.14
  • 발행 : 2013.12.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

This study was designed to determine the effect of physical form and urea treatment of rice straw on rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and nutrient digestibility. Four rumen-fistulated dairy steers were randomly assigned according to a 2 (2 factorial arrangement in a 4 (4 Latin square design to receive four dietary treatments. Factor A was roughage source: untreated rice straw (RS) and urea-treated (3%) rice straw (UTRS), and factor B was type of physical form of rice straw: long form rice straw (LFR) and chopped (4 cm) rice straw (CHR). The steers were offered the concentrate at 0.5% body weight (BW) /d and rice straw was fed ad libitum. DM intake and nutrient digestibility were increased (p<0.05) by urea treatment. Ruminal pH were decreased (p<0.05) in UTRS fed group, while ruminal ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were increased (p<0.01) by urea treatment. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations increased (p<0.01) when steers were fed UTRS. Furthermore, VFA concentrations were not altered by treatments (p>0.05), except propionic acid (C3) was increased (p<0.05) in UTRS fed group. Nitrogen (N) balance was affected by urea treatment (p<0.05). Microbial protein synthesis (MCP) synthesis were greater by UTRS and CHR group (p<0.05). The efficiency of microbial N synthesis was greater for UTRS than for RS (p<0.05). From these results, it can be concluded that using the long form combined with urea treatment of rice straw improved feed intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and efficiency of microbial N synthesis in crossbred dairy steers.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Abate, D. and S. Melaku. 2009. Effect of supplementing urea-treated barley straw with lucerne or vetch hays on feed intake, digestibility and growth of Arsi Bale sheep. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 41:579-586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-008-9227-1
  2. Anantasook, N., M. Wanapat, A. Cherdthong, and P. Gunun. 2013. Effect of plants containing secondary compounds with palm oil on feed intake, digestibility, microbial protein synthesis and microbial population in dairy cows. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 26:820-826. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2012.12689
  3. AOAC. 1995. Official method of analysis. 16th ed. Animal Feeds: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, VA, USA.
  4. Beauchemin, K. A. and W. Z. Yang. 2005. Effects of physically effective fiber on intake, chewing activity, and ruminal acidosis for dairy cows fed diets based on corn silage. J. Dairy Sci. 88:2117-2129. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72888-5
  5. Beauchemin, K. A., L. M. Rode, and W. Z. Yang. 1997. Effects of nonstructural carbohydrates and source of cereal grain in high concentrate diets of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80:1640-1650. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76095-8
  6. Chemjon, P. B. 1991. Economic value of urea-treated straw fed to lactating buffaloes during the dry season in Nepal. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 23:147-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02356993
  7. Chen, X. B. and M. J. Gomes. 1995. Estimation of microbial protein supply to sheep and cattle based on urinary excretion of purine derivative-an overview of the technique details. Occasional Publication 1992. International Feed Resources Unit, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, UK.
  8. Chen, X. B., Y. K. Chen, M. F. Franklin, E. R. Orskov, and W. J. Shand. 1992. The effect of feed intake and body weight on purine derivative excretion and microbial protein supply in sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 70:1534-1542.
  9. Crocker, C. L. 1967. Rapid determination of urea nitrogen in serum or plasma without deproteinization. Am. J. Med. Technol. 33:361-365.
  10. Galo, E., S. M. Emanuele, C. J. Sniffen, J. H. White, and J. R. Knapp. 2003. Effects of a polymer-coated urea product on nitrogen metabolism in lactating Holstein dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 86:2154-2162. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73805-3
  11. Goto, M. and Y. Yokoe. 1996. Ammoniation of barley straw. Effect on cellulose crystallinity and water-holding capacity. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 58:239-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(95)00903-5
  12. Ha, J. K., S. S. Lee, S. W. Kim, In K. Han, K. Ushida, and K. -J. Cheng. 2001. Degradation of rice straw by rumen fungi and cellulolytic bacteria through mono-, co- or sequential- cultures. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 14:797-802. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2001.797
  13. Hanafi, E. M., H. H. El Khadrawy, W. M. Ahmed, and M. M. Zaabal. 2012. Some observation on rice straw with emphasis on updates of its management. World Appl. Sci. J. 16:354-361.
  14. Hart, F. J. and M. Wanapat. 1992. Physiology of digestion of urea-treated rice straw in swamp buffaloes. Asian-Aus. J. Anim. Sci. 5:617-622. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1992.617
  15. Highstreet, A., P. H. Robinson, J. Robison, and J. G. Garrett. 2010. Response of Holstein cows to replacing urea with a slowly rumen released urea in a diet high in soluble crude protein. Livest. Sci. 129:179-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.01.022
  16. Hoover, W. H. and S. R. Stokes. 1991. Balancing carbohydrates and proteins for optimum rumen microbial yield. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3630-3644. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78553-6
  17. Hossain, M. M., M. J. Khan, and M. A. Akbar. 2010. Nutrient digestibility and growth of local bull calves as affected by feeding urea and urease enzyme sources treated rice straw. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 39:97-105.
  18. Huyen, N. T., M. Wanapat, and C. Navanukraw. 2012. Effect of mulberry leaf pellet (MUP) supplementation on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility in beef cattle fed on rice straw-based diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 175:8-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.03.020
  19. Jaglan, B. S. and N. Kishore. 2005. Compaction behavior of urea treated crop residues in feed blocks. Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 22:90-93.
  20. Khandaker, Z. H., M. M. Uddin, M. N. Sultana, and K. J. Peters. 2012. Effect of supplementation of mustard oil cake on intake, digestibility and microbial protein synthesis of cattle in a straw-based diet in Bangladesh. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 44: 791-800. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-011-9969-z
  21. Khejornsart, P. and M. Wanapat. 2010. Effect of chemical treatment of rice straw on rumen fermentation characteristic, anaerobic fungal diversity in vitro. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 9:3070-3076. https://doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2010.3070.3076
  22. Kononoff, P. J. and A. J. Heinrichs. 2003. The effect of reducing alfalfa haylage particle size on cows in early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 86:1445-1457. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73728-X
  23. Kononoff, P. J., A. J. Heinrichs, and D. R. Buckmaster. 2003. Modification of the Penn state forage and total mixed ration particle separator and the effects of moisture content on its measurements. J. Dairy Sci. 86:1858-1863. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73773-4
  24. Krause, K. M. and D. K. Combs. 2003. Effects of forage particle size, forage source, and grain fermentability on performance and ruminal pH in midlactation cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86:1382-1397. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73722-9
  25. Lu, C. D., J. R. Kawas, and O. G. Mahgoub. 2005. Fibre digestion and utilization in goats. Small Rumin. Res. 60:45-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.06.035
  26. Mapato, C., M. Wanapat, and A. Cherdthong. 2010. Effect of urea treatment of straw and dietary level of vegetable oil on lactating dairy cows. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 42:1635-1642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-010-9613-3
  27. Maulfair, D. D., M. Fustini, and A. J. Heinrichs. 2010. Effect of varying total mixed ration particle size on rumen digesta and fecal particle size and digestibility in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 94:3527-3536.
  28. McDonald, A. A., R. A. Edwards, J. F. D. Greenhalgh, and C. A. Morgan. 2002. Animal Nutrition. 6th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education.
  29. Nguyen, V. N., M. Wanapat, P. Khejornsart, and P. Kongmun. 2012. Nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation characteristic in swamp buffaloes fed on chemically treated rice straw and urea. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 44:629-636. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-011-9946-6
  30. Obara, Y., K. Shimbayashi, and T. Yonemura. 1975. Change of ruminal properties of sheep during feeding urea diet. Jpn. J. Zootech. Sci. 46:140-145.
  31. Onetti, S. G., R. D. Shaver, S. J. Bertics, and R. R. Grummer. 2003. Influence of corn silage particle length on the performance of lactating dairy cows fed supplemental tallow. J. Dairy Sci. 86:2949-2957. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73892-2
  32. Perdok, H. B. and R. A. Leng. 1990. Effect of supplementation protein meal on the growth of cattle given a basal diet of untreated or ammoniated rice straw. Asian-Aus. J. Anim. Sci. 3:269-279. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1990.269
  33. Poungchompu, O., M. Wanapat, C. Wachirapakorn, S. Wanapat, and A. Cherdthong. 2009. Manipulation of ruminal fermentation and methane production by dietary saponins and tannins from mangosteen peel and soapberry fruit. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 63:389-400. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390903020406
  34. Pradhan, R., H. Tobioka, and I. Tasaki. 1996. Effect of urea and ammonia treatment on voluntary intake, digestibility, energy partition and nitrogen retention of rice straw supplemented with soybean meal and fish meal in goats. Anim. Sci. Technol. 67:702-712.
  35. Preston, R. L., D. D. Schnakanberg, and W. H. Pander. 1965. Protein utilization in ruminants. I. Blood urea nitrogen as affected by protein intake. J. Nutr. 86:281-288.
  36. Safari, J. G., D. E. Mushi, L. A. Mtenga, G. C. Kifaro, and L. O. Eik. 2011. Growth, carcass yield and meat quality attributes of Red Maasai sheep fed wheat straw-based diets. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 43:89-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-010-9658-3
  37. Samuel, M., S. Sagathewan, J. Thomus, and G. Mathen. 1997. An HPLC method for estimation of volatile fatty acids of rumen fluid. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 67:805-807.
  38. SAS. 1996. User's Guide: Statistic, Version 5. Edition. SAS. Inst Cary, NC, USA.
  39. Shen, H. S., F. Sundstol, E. R. Eng, and L. O. Eik. 1999. Studies on untreated and urea-treated rice straw from three cultivation seasons: 3. Histological investigations by light and scanning electron microscopy. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 80:151-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(99)00045-0
  40. Sinha, D., B. Prakash, B. N. Neog, K. K. Baruah, S. Sarmah, and C. Rajkhowa. 2011. Intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance in Mithun (Bos frontalis) offered urea-treated paddy straw based feed blocks. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 43:383-387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-010-9703-2
  41. Su, Y., G. Zhao, Z. Wei, C. Yan, and S. Liu. 2012. Mutation of cellulose synthase gene improves the nutritive value of rice straw. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 25:800-805. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.11409
  42. Sundstol, F., E. Coxworth, and D. N. Mowat. 1978. Improving the nutritive value of wheat straw and other low quality roughages by treatment with ammonia. World Anim. Rev. 26:13-21.
  43. Tafaj, M., Q. Zebeli, Ch. Baes, H. Steingass, and W. Drochner. 2007. A meta-analysis examining effects of particle size of total mixed rations on intake, rumen digestion and milk production in high-yielding dairy cows in early lactation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 138:137-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.06.020
  44. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson, and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber neutral detergent fiber, and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
  45. Van Soest, P. J. 1994. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. Cornell University Press, New York, NY.
  46. Wanapat, M. 2000. Rumen manipulation to increase the efficient use of local feed resources and productivity of ruminants in the tropics. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 13(Suppl.):59-67.
  47. Wanapat, M. and O. Pimpa. 1999. Effect of ruminal $NH_3$-N levels on ruminal fermentation, purine derivatives, digestibility and rice straw intake in swamp buffaloes. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 12:904-907. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1999.904
  48. Wanapat, M., F. Sundstol, and T. H. Garmo. 1985. A comparison of alkali treatment methods to improve the nutritive value of straw. I. Digestibility and metabolizability. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 12:295-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(85)90006-9
  49. Wanapat, M., A. Cherdthong, P. Pakdee, and S. Wanapat. 2008. Manipulation of rumen ecology by dietary lemongrass (Cymbopogon citrates Stapf.) powder supplementation. J. Anim. Sci. 86:3497-3503. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-0885
  50. Wanapat, M., S. Polyorach, K. Boonnop, C. Mapato, and A. Cherdthong. 2009. Effects of treating rice straw with urea or urea and calcium hydroxide upon intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and milk yield of dairy cows. Livest. Sci. 125:238-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2009.05.001
  51. Wanapat, M., R. Pilajun, S. Kang, K. Setyaningsih, and A. R. Setyawan. 2012. Effect of ground corn cob replacement for cassava chip on feed intake, rumen fermentation and urinary derivatives in swamp buffaloes. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 25:1124 -1131. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2012.12109
  52. Wanapat, M., N. Anantasook, P. Rowlinson, R. Pilajun, and P. Gunun. 2013. Effect of carbohydrate sources and levels of cotton seed meal in concentrate on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in young dairy bulls. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 26:529-536. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2012.12607
  53. Wang, M., X. G. Zhao, H. Y. Liao, Z. L. Tan, S. X. Tang, Z. H. Sun, C. S. Zhou, and X. F. Han. 2011. Effects of rice straw particle size on digesta particle size distribution, nitrogen metabolism, blood biochemical parameters, microbial amino acid composition and intestinal amino acid digestibility in goats. Anim. Sci. J. 82:78-85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-0929.2010.00809.x
  54. Yang, W. Z. and K. A. Beauchemin. 2005. Effects of physically effective fiber on digestion and milk production by dairy cows fed diets based on corn silage. J. Dairy Sci. 88:1090-1098. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72776-4
  55. Yang, W. Z. and K. A. Beauchemin. 2006a. Effects of physically effective fiber on chewing activity and ruminal pH of dairy cows fed diets based on barley silage. J. Dairy Sci. 89:217-228. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72086-0
  56. Yang, W. Z. and K. A. Beauchemin. 2006b. Physically effective fiber: method of determination and effects on chewing, ruminal acidosis, and digestion by dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89:2618-2633. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72339-6
  57. Yang, W. Z. and K. A. Beauchemin. 2009. Increasing physically effective fiber content of dairy cow diets through forage proportion versus forage chop length: chewing and ruminal pH. J. Dairy Sci. 92:1603-1615. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1379
  58. Yang, W. Z., K. A. Beauchemin, and L. M. Rode. 2002. Effects of particle size of alfalfa-based dairy cow diets on site and extent of digestion. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1958-1968. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74272-0
  59. Yuangklang, C., C. Wongnen, C. Patiphan, J. Khotsakdee, T. Kandee, K. Vasupen, S. Bureenok, S. Wongsuthavas, A. Alhaidary, H. E. Mohamed, and A. C. Beynen. 2010. Rumen fermentation in beef and buffalo steers fed native or treated rice straw. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 9:3011-3015. https://doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2010.3011.3015
  60. Zhao, X. G., M. Wang, Z. L. Tan, S. X. Tang, Z. H. Sun, C. S. Zhou, and X. F. Han. 2009. Effects of rice straw particle size on chewing activity, feed intake, rumen fermentation and digestion in goats. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 22:1256-1266. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2009.80672

피인용 문헌

  1. Effects of steam-treated rice straw feeding on growth, digestibility, and plasma volatile fatty acids of goats under different housing systems vol.46, pp.8, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-014-0671-9
  2. Effect of Feeding Urea Treated Palm Leaves on Milk Production, Composition and Animal Performance of Lactating Ardi Goats vol.11, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3923/ajas.2017.14.22
  3. Short communication: Evaluation of nitrogen excretion equations from cattle vol.99, pp.9, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-10730
  4. Influence of Water Hyacinth Plus Dried Cassava Peels Supplementation on Nutrient Digestibility and Nitrogen Balance of Sheep vol.11, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3923/ajas.2017.165.170
  5. Additives on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of rice straw vol.46, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-92902017000300009
  6. Harvesting nutrients from source-separated urine using powdered rice straw pp.1479-487X, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2017.1321690
  7. Effects of urea plus nitrate pretreated rice straw and corn oil supplementation on fiber digestibility, nitrogen balance, rumen fermentation, microbiota and methane emissions in goats vol.10, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-019-0312-2
  8. Nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation of Thai native purebred compared with Thai native x Lowline Angus crossbred beef cattle vol.44, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2015.1079526
  9. Effects of Two Levels of Protein Supplementation on Intake, Apparent Digestibility and Ammonia Nitrogen in Growing Goats Fed Ammoniated Crop By-Products vol.15, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2016.319.323
  10. Evaluation of cellulolytic exogenous enzyme-containing microbial inoculants as feed additives for ruminant rations composed of low-quality roughage vol.158, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859620000611
  11. Effect of olive tree leaves and twigs on intake, digestibility, growth performance and blood variables of Shami goats vol.7, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.419
  12. Effects of substituting Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) as roughage source on digestibility, blood metabolites and ruminal fermentation in growing goat vol.756, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/756/1/012024
  13. Novel Crabtree negative yeast from rumen fluids can improve rumen fermentation and milk quality vol.11, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85643-2
  14. The Potential of Using Temperate-Tropical Crossbreds and Agricultural by-Products, Associated with Heat Stress Management for Dairy Production in the Tropics: A Review vol.12, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12010001