Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

  • 제26권12호
  • /
  • Pages.1742-1752
  • /
  • 2013
  • /
  • 1011-2367(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1976-5517(eISSN)
아세아태평양축산학회 (Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Serum Mineral Chemistry as Affected by Dietary Sodium and Sodium Salts Fed to Broiler Chickens Reared under Phase Feeding System

  • Mushtaq, M.M.H. (AgroVisions) ;
  • Pasha, T.N. (Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences) ;
  • Saima, Saima (Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences) ;
  • Akram, M. (Department of Poultry Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences) ;
  • Mushtaq, T. (AgroVisions) ;
  • Parvin, R. (Poultry Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science) ;
  • Farooq, U. (School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia) ;
  • Mehmood, S. (Department of Poultry Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences) ;
  • Iqbal, K.J. (Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences) ;
  • Hwangbo, J. (Poultry Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science)
  • 투고 : 2013.05.15
  • 심사 : 2013.08.08
  • 발행 : 2013.12.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

A basal diet (0.8 g/kg dNa) was formulated in which each of the two sources ($NaHCO_3$ and $Na_2SO_4$) were supplemented in such a way to attain four levels (1.7, 2.6, 3.5, and 4.4 g/kg) of total dNa, respectively, under $4{\times}2$ factorial arrangement. Eight dietary treatments were replicated four times, with 40 birds in each replicate (n = 1,280). The diets supplemented with $Na_2SO_4$ to attain higher levels of dNa showed highest BW gain and feed intake (FI) during d 1 to 10 (interaction effects) while 2.6 g/kg dNa exhibited improved BW gain and gain:feed (FG) during d 11 to 20. Linear rise in daily water intake (DWI) was associated with diets containing increasing dNa during d 1 to 42 ($p{\leq}0.036$). During the first 10 d, DWI:FI was found highest in $NaHCO_3$ diets while $Na_2SO_4$ diets showed highest DWI:FI during last 10 d of the experiment ($p{\leq}0.036$). Increasing dNa and changing $Na_2SO_4$ with $NaHCO_3$ salt increased pH and resulted in poor growth performance. Dressing weight ($p{\leq}0.001$) and abdominal fat ($p{\leq}0.001$; quadratic effect) were reduced, whereas breast ($p{\leq}0.001$) and thigh (p<0.001) weights were aggravated with increasing dNa (linear effects). Present findings suggested higher levels of dNa from $Na_2SO_4$ as the supplemental salt in broiler diets would produce better growth performance, especially in first ten days of life, and improve carcass and body organ characteristics.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Ahearn, G. A. and H. Murer. 1984. Functional roles of $Na^{+}$ and $H^{+}$ in $SO_4^{-}$ transport by rabbit ileal brush border membrane vesicles. J. Membr. Biol. 78:177-186. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01925966
  2. Ahmad, T., M. Sarwar, Mahr-un-Nisa, Ahsan-ul-Haq, and Zia-ul-Hasan. 2005. Influence of varying sources of dietary electrolytes on the performance of broilers reared in a high temperature environment. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 120:277-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.02.028
  3. Ahmad, T., T. Mushtaq, M. A. Khan, M. E. Babar, M. Yousaf, Zia-ul-Hassan, and Z. Kamran. 2009. Influence of varying dietary electrolyte balance on broiler performance under tropical summer conditions. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 93:613-621. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2008.00840.x
  4. AOAC. 2005. Official methods of analysis. 18th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
  5. Borgatti, L. M. O., R. Albuquerque, N. C. Meister, L. W. O. Souza, F. R. Lima, and M. A. Trindade Neto. 2004. Performance of broilers fed diets with different dietary electrolyte balance under summer conditions. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic. 6:153-157.
  6. Borges, S. A., J. Ariki, C. L. Martins, and V. M. B. de-Moraes. 1999. Potassium chloride supplementation in heat stressed broilers. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 28:313-319. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35981999000200014
  7. Borges, S. A., A. V. Fischer da Silva, J. Ariki, D. M. Hooge, and K. R. Cummings. 2003a. Dietary electrolyte balance for broiler chickens under moderately high ambient temperatures and relative humidities. Poult. Sci. 82:301-308. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.2.301
  8. Borges, S. A., A. V. Fischer da Silva, J. Ariki, D. M. Hooge, and K. R. Cummings. 2003b. Dietary electrolyte balance for broiler chickens exposed to thermoneutral or heat-stress environments. Poult. Sci. 82:482-435.
  9. Borges, S. A., A. V. Fisher da Silva, A. Majorka, D. M. Hooge, and K. R. Cummings. 2004a. Physiological responses of broiler chickens to heat stress and dietary electrolyte balance (sodium plus potassium minus chloride, milliequivalents per kilogram). Poult. Sci. 83:1551-1558. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.9.1551
  10. Borges, S. A., A. V. Fisher da Silva, A. D. A. Meira, T. Moura, A. Maiorka, and A. Ostrensky. 2004b. Electrolyte balance in broiler growing diets. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 3:623-628. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2004.623.628
  11. Chiba, L. I. 2009. Water and electrolytes (and Iodine). In: Animal Nutrition Handbook. 2nd rev. edn. Auburn Univ. Press, Alabama, USA.
  12. Degussa AG Feed Additives. 2006. AminoDat 3.0. The Amino Acid Composition of Feedstuffs, Platinum Version. 6th rev. ed. Degussa AG Feed Additives, Hanau Wolfgang, Germany.
  13. Florin, T., G. Neale, G. R. Gibson, and J. H. Cummings. 1991. Metabolism of dietary sulphate: Absorption and excretion in humans. Gut 32:766-773. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.32.7.766
  14. Gorman, I. and D. Balnave. 1994. Effects of dietary mineral supplementation on the performance and mineral excretions of broilers at high ambient temperatures. Br. Poult. Sci. 35:563-572. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669408417721
  15. Han, Y. and D. H. Baker. 1994. Digestible lysine requirement of male and female broiler chicks during the period three to six weeks post-hatching. Poult. Sci. 73:1739-1745. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0731739
  16. Hayat, J., D. Balnave, and J. Brake. 1999. Sodium bicarbonate and potassium supplements for broilers can cause poor performance at high temperature. Br. Poult. Sci. 40:411-418. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669987539
  17. Hooge, D. M., K. R. Cummings, and J. L. McNaughton. 1999. Evaluation of sodium bicarbonate, chloride, or sulfate with a coccidiostat in corn-soy or corn-soy-meat diets for broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 78:1300-1306. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/78.9.1300
  18. Hubbard. 2004. Broiler Management Guide. Hubbard LLC, Duluth, Georgia.
  19. Johnson, R. J. and H. Karunajeewa. 1985. The effects of dietary minerals and electrolytes on the growth and physiology of the young chick. J. Nutr. 115:1680-1690.
  20. Julian, R. J., L. J. Caston, and S. Leeson. 1992. The effect of dietary sodium on right ventricular failure-induced ascites, gain and fat deposition in meat-type chickens. Can. J. Vet. Res. 56:214-219.
  21. Koong, L. J., C. C. Farcell, and S. A. Nienata. 1985. Assessment of interrelationship among levels of intake and production, organ size and fasting heat production in animals. J. Nutr. 115:1383-1390.
  22. Lacroix, R. L., D. R. Keeney, and L. M. Welsh. 1970. Potentiometric titration of chloride in plant tissue extracts using the chloride ion electrode. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 1:1-6.
  23. Langridge-Smith, J. E., J. H. Sellin, and M. Field. 1983. Sulphate influx across the rabbit ileal brush border membrane: Sodium and proton dependence, and substrate specificities. J. Membr. Biol. 72:131-139. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01870320
  24. Leeson, S. and J. D. Summers. 2001. Scott's nutrition of the chicken. 4th Ed. University Books, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
  25. Lehninger, A. L. 1970. Biochemistry. Worth Publishers Inc., New York. pp. 50-51.
  26. Minitab. 2010. Minitab, version 16.1.0. Minitab Inc., State College, Pennsylvania, USA.
  27. Mongin, P. 1980. Electrolytes in nutrition. A review of basic principles and practical applications in poultry and swine. In: Proceedings of 3rd Annual International Minerals Conference, Orlando, FL. pp. 1.
  28. Mongin, P. 1981. Recent advances in dietary cation-anion balance: Applications in poultry. In: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 40:285-294. https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS19810045
  29. Murakami, A. E., E. A. Saleh, S. E. Watkins, and P. W. Waldroup. 2000. Sodium source and level in broiler diets with and without high levels of animal protein. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 9:53-61. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/9.1.53
  30. Murakami, A. E., E. O. O. Rondon., E. N. Martins, M. S. Pereira, and C. Scapinello. 2001. Sodium and chloride requirements of growing broiler chickens (twenty-one to forty-two days of age) fed corn-soybean diets. Poult. Sci. 80:289-294. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.3.289
  31. Mushtaq, T., M. Sarwar, H. Nawaz, M. A. Mirza, and T. Ahmad. 2005. Effect and interactions of dietary sodium and chloride on broiler starter performance (hatching to twenty-eight days of age) under subtropical summer conditions. Poult. Sci. 84:1716-1722. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/84.11.1716
  32. Mushtaq, T., M. A. Mirza, M. Athar, D. M. Hooge, T. Ahmad, G. Ahmad, M. M. H. Mushtaq, and U. Noreen. 2007. Dietary sodium and chloride for twenty-nine to forty-two-day-old broiler chickens at constant electrolyte balance under subtropical summer conditions. J. Appl. Poult. Res.16:161-170. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/16.2.161
  33. Mushtaq, M. M. H., T. N. Pasha, M. Akram, T. Mushtaq, R. Parvin, H. C. Choi, J. Hwangbo, and J. H. Kim. 2013. Growth performance, carcass characteristics and plasma mineral chemistry as affected by dietary chloride and chloride salts fed to broiler chickens reared under phase feeding system. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 26:845-855. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2012.12664
  34. National Research Council. 1994. Nutrient requirements of poultry. 9th Rev. Ed., National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
  35. Patience, J. F., R. E. Austic, and R. D. Boyd. 1986. The effect of sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate on acid base status and protein and energy digestibility in swine. Nutr. Res. 6:263-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(86)80130-0
  36. Rondon, E. O. O., A. E. Murakami, A. C. Furlan, I. Moreira, and M. Macari. 2001. Sodium and chloride requirements of young broiler chickens fed corn-soybean diets (one to twenty-one days of age). Poult. Sci. 80:592-598. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.5.592
  37. Ruiz-Lopez, B. and R. E. Austic. 1993. The effects of selected minerals on acid-base balance of growing chicks. Poult. Sci. 72:1054-1062. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0721054
  38. Smith, M. O. and R. G. Teeter. 1989. Effects of sodium and potassium salts on gain, water consumption and body temperature of 4 to 7 week old heat stressed broilers. Nutr. Rep. Int. 40:161-169.
  39. Socha, M. T., S. M. Ensley, D. J. Tomlinson, and B. Johnson. 2002. Variability of water consumption and potential impact on animal performance. In: Proceedings of California Animal Nutrition Conference, Fresno, CA. pp. 81-91.

피인용 문헌

  1. Stress Detection and Classification of Laying Hens by Sound Analysis vol.28, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.14.0654
  2. Assessment of variable drinking water sources used in Egypt on broiler health and welfare vol.8, pp.7, 2015, https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2015.855-864
  3. The effect of different dietary levels of sodium and chloride on performance and blood parameters in goslings (1–28 days of age) vol.104, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13273