Journal of Embryo Transfer (한국수정란이식학회지)

The Korean Society of Embryo Transfer (한국수정란이식학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Application of Embryo Transfer Technology

수정란 이식 기술의 응용

  • 임현주 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 손준규 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 윤호백 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 백광수 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 최창용 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 김시동 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 권응기 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원)
  • Received : 2013.08.22
  • Accepted : 2013.09.11
  • Published : 2013.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Embryo transfer (ET) technology is of high importance in modern cattle breeding programs. ET is one step in the process of removing one or more embryos from the reproductive tract of an outstanding donor female and transferring them to one or more recipient females. Embryos also can be produced in the laboratory via techniques such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). But the actual transfer of an embryo is only one step in a series of processes that may include some or all of the following: superovulation and insemination of donors, collection of embryos, isolation, evaluation and short-term storage of embryos, micromanipulation and genetic testing of embryos, freezing of embryos and embryo transfer. Cryopreservation and direct transfer of frozen-thawed embryos is common-place with pregnancy rates near that of fresh embryos. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology is currently being used for sexing embryos, and this technology will be used for "embryo diagnostics" and "embryo genomics" in the future. Although, many limitations and problems remain to overcome, these and other new technologies promise to change livestock breeding drastically in the next decade.

Keywords

References

  1. AL-Katanani YM, Paula-Lopes FF and Hansen PJ. 2002. Effect of season and exposure to heat stress on oocyte competence in Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85: 390-396. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74086-1
  2. Andersson M, Taponen J, Kommeri M and Dahlbom M. 2006. Pregnancy rates in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows after artificial insemination with sexed sperm. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 41: 95-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2006.00625.x
  3. Brackett BG, Bousquet D, Boice MI, Donawick WJ, Evans JF and Dressel MA. 1982. Normal development following in vitro fertilization in the cow. Biol. Reprod. 27: 147-158. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod27.1.147
  4. Bredbacka P, Kankaanpaa A and Peippo J. 1995. PCR-sexing of bovine embryos: A simplified protocol. Theriogenology 44: 167-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(95)00166-6
  5. Cenariu M, Emoke P and Ioan G. 2012. The influence of biopsy method on the survival rates of sexed and cryopreserved bovine embryos. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 11: 4459-4462.
  6. Chrenek P, Boulanger L, Heyman Y, Uhrin P, Laurincik J, Bulla J and Renard JP. 2001. Sexing and multiple genotype analysis from a single cell of bovine embryo. Theriogenology 55: 1071-1081. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(01)00467-8
  7. Cran DG and Johnson LA. 1996. The predetermination of embryonic sex using flow cytometrically separated X and Y spermatozoa. Hum. Reprod. 2: 355-363.
  8. DeJarnette JM, Nebel RL and Marshall CE. 2009. Evaluating the success of sex-sorted semen in US dairy herds from on farm records. Theriogenology 71: 49-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.09.042
  9. Gardner DK. 2004. The road to single embryo transfer. Clin. Embryol. 7: 16-26.
  10. Han RX, Kim HR, Diao YF and Jin DI. Sex determination of in vivo and in vitro-derived bovine embryos. CNU J. Agri. Sci. 38: 269-275.
  11. Hasler JF. 2003. The current status and future of commercial embryo transfer in cattle. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 79: 245-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(03)00167-2
  12. Iwasaki S and Nakahara T. 1990. Cell number and incidence of chromosomal anomalies in bovine blastocysts fertilized in vitro followed by culture in vitro or in vivo in rabbit oviducts. Theriogenology 33: 669-675. https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(90)90544-4
  13. Johnson LA, Flook JP and Hawk HW. 1989. Sex preselection in rabbits: Live births from X and Y sperm separated by DNA and cell sorting. Biol. Reprod. 41: 199-203. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod41.2.199
  14. Katska-Ksiazkiewicz L, Rynska B, Bochenek M, Opiela J and Jurkiewiez J. 2006. In vitro production of bovine embryos using flow-cytometrically sexed sperm. Arch. Tierzucht. 49: 133-140.
  15. Keiichiro T and Yukako H. 2004. Efficient production of sexidentified and cryosurvived bovine in-vitro produced blastocysts. Theriogenology 61: 1181-1191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2003.07.008
  16. Lopes RFF, Forell F, Oliveira ATD and Rodrigues JL. 2001. Splitting and biopsy for bovine embryo sexing under field conditions. Theriogenology 56: 1383-1392. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(01)00641-0
  17. Loskutoff NM. 1990. Micromanipulation of embryos and gametes. Int. Emb. Trans. Soc. Newsletter. 8: 5-14.
  18. Munne S, Alikani M, Tomkin G, Grifo J and Cohen J. 1995. Embryo morphology, developmental rates, and maternal age are correlated with chromosome abnormalities. Fertil. Steril. 64: 382-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)57739-5
  19. Munne S, Weier HUG, Grifo J and Cohen J. 1994. Chromosome mosaicism in human embryos. Biol. Reprod. 51: 373-379. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod51.3.373
  20. Mutter LR, Graden AP and Olds D. 1964. Successful nonsurgical bovine embryo transfer. A. I. Dig. 12: 3.
  21. Schenk JL, Cran DG, Everett RW and Seidel GE Jr. 2009. Pregnancy rates in heifers and cows with cryopreserved sexed sperm: Effects of sperm numbers per inseminate, sorting pressure and sperm storage before sorting. Theriogenology 71: 717-728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.08.016
  22. Seidel GE Jr. 1982. Application of microsurgery to mammalian embryos. Theriogenology 17: 23-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(82)90112-1
  23. Seidel GE Jr. 2007. Overview of sexing sperm. Theriogenology 68: 443-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.04.005
  24. Stroud B. 2011. IETS Statistics and Data Retrieval Committee Report. The year 2010 worldwide statistics of embryo transfer in domestic farm animals, IETS Newsletter December 2011, International Embryo Transfer Society.
  25. Rowson LEA, Lawson RAS and Moor RM. 1971. Production of twins in cattle by egg transfer. J. Reprod. Fertil. 25: 261. https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0250261
  26. Whittingham DG, Leibo SP and Mazur P. 1972. Survival of mouse embryos frozen to $-196^{\circ}C$ and $-269^{\circ}C$. Science 178: 411-414. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.178.4059.411
  27. Willett EL. 1953. Egg transfer and superovulation in farm animals. Iowa State College J. Sci. 25: 83-100.
  28. Willet EL, Black WG, Casida LE, Stone WH and Buckner PJ. 1951. Successful transplantation of a fertilized bovine ovum. Science 113: 247.
  29. Wilmut I. 1972. Effect of cooling rate, warming rate, protective agent and stage of development on survival of mouse embryos during freezing and thawing. Life Sci. 11: 1071-1079. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(72)90215-9
  30. Wilmut I and Rowson LEA. 1973. Experiments on the low temperature preservation of cow embryos. Vet. Rec. 92: 686-690. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.92.26.686
  31. Zhang M, Lu KH and Seidel GE Jr. 2005. Blastocyst development of male and female bovine embryos produced by IVF with flow cytometrically sorted sperm. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 17: 306-307.