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유아기 까다로운 식습관과 성장상태 간의 연관성

Association between picky eating behaviors and growth in preschool children

  • Shim, Jae Eun (Department of Food and Nutrition, Daejeon University) ;
  • Yoon, Ji Hyun (Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Kijoon (Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University) ;
  • Paik, Hee Young (Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University)
  • 투고 : 2013.08.20
  • 심사 : 2013.10.08
  • 발행 : 2013.10.31

초록

본 연구에서는 까다로운 식습관을 다면적으로 정의하고 네가지 측면의 까다로운 식습관을 평가할 수 있는 도구를 개발하고, 이를 이용하여 만 1~5세 유아에게서 나타나는 까다로운 식습관 실태를 조사하고 성장상태와의 연관성을 분석하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 까다로운 식습관 평가도구는 까다로운 식습관을 '적은 섭취량', '새로운 식품에 대한 거부감', '특정 식품군 거부', '특정 조리법 선호'의 네 가지 측면으로 정의하고, 까다로운 식습관으로 인지되는 유아의 식습관을 네 가지 측면에서 분류하여 전문가의 안면타당성 평가를 통해 작성되었다. 2) '적은 섭취량'을 측정하는 3문항과 '새로운 식품에 대한 거부감'을 측정하는 2문항의 내적일치도는 Cronbach's coefficient ${\alpha}$로 평가하였을 때 각각 0.88, 0.79였으며, 해당문항의 평균을 산출하여 중간점수를 초과하는 경우 해당 식습관을 가지는 것으로 평가하도록 하였다. 3) '특정 식품군 거부' 및 '특정 조리법 선호'는 다수의 식품에 대해 거부 및 선호 여부를 측정하여 한 가지 이상이라도 중간점수를 초과하는 경우 해당 식습관특성을 가지는 것으로 평가하도록 하였다. 4) 본 연구에서 개발된 까다로운 식습관 평가도구를 이용하여 측정하였을 때 '적은 섭취량'의 까다로운 식습관을 보이는 유아는 44%, '새로운 식품에 대한 거부감'은 57%, '특정 식품군 거부'는 73%, '특정 조리법 선호'는 53%였다. 5) 네 가지 측면의 까다로운 식습관 중 '적은 섭취량' 측면의 특성을 가지는 유아는 연령대비신장 (p < 0.05)과 신장대비체중 (p < 0.0001)의 z-score가 모두 그렇지 않은 유아에 비해 작았다. 그러나 나머지 세 가지 측면, 즉, '새로운 식품에 대한 거부감', '특정 식품군 거부', '특정 조리법 선호' 와 같은 까다로운 식습관은 성장상태에 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 본 연구에서 개발된 평가도구는 유아기에 흔히 나타나는 식생활 문제인 까다로운 식습관의 다면적 양상과 이것이 유아의 성장상태에 미치는 영향의 차이를 잘 반영하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 추후 유아를 대상으로 한 장기적이고 체계적인 연구에 활용하여 유아의 식생활과 성장에 관한 이해를 높이는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 본 연구결과에서 나타난 까다로운 식습관과 성장간의 관련성을 볼 때 특히 '적은 섭취량' 측면의 까다로운 식습관은 신장 성장정체의 위험을 높이는 것으로 보이므로 이러한 식습관을 가지게 되는 원인과 중재방안에 대한 연구가 필요한 것으로 생각된다. '새로운 식품에 대한 거부감', '특정 식품군 거부', '특정 조리법 선호'와 같은 측면의 까다로운 식습관은 신장대비체중과 연관이 있는 것으로 보이나 이것의 의미와 성장발달의 여러 측면에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 심도 있는 연구가 필요할 것으로 본다.

This study was conducted in order to investigate the association between picky eating behaviors of preschool children and growth outcomes. In this study, picky eating behaviors were defined as containing four constructs of 'eating a small amount (ES),' 'neophoic behavior (NB),' 'refusal of specific food groups (RF),' and 'preference for specific food-preparation methods (PP).' A 7-point scale was used for the multi-item questionnaire, which consisted of 21 items (three items for ES, two items for NB, nine items for RF, and seven items for PP), in order to evaluate picky eating behaviors of children. Subjects were recruited among visitors at a medical clinic in Seoul. A total of 150 self-administered survey responses from parents of preschool children were analyzed in order to investigate the association between picky eating behaviors of preschool children and growth outcomes. Height for age (HFA) and weight for height (WFH) z-scores were used for assessment of preschool children's growth. The prevalence of ES, NB, RF, and PP was 44%, 57%, 73%, and 53%, respectively. Children with ES had lower HFA (p < 0.05) and WFH (p < 0.0001) than those without ES, while children with NB, RF, or PP had HFA and WFH were similar to their counterparts. The mean HFA z-score of children with ES was less than 0 (p < 0.05) and the mean WFH z-scores of children with ES, NB, RF, or PP were less than 0 (p < 0.05). According to the study results, related growth outcome differed depending on constructs of picky eating behaviors. In particular, picky eating of ES showed a risk of faltering height growth in preschool children. Further comprehensive studies on the reason for ES and intervention approach is warranted.

키워드

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