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Development of White Bread Using Fermented Wild Grape Sourdough

머루를 이용한 Sourdough 식빵 개발

  • Bing, Dong-Joo (Department of Food & Nutrition, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Kim, Won-Tae (Department of Hotel Culinary & Bakery, Changshin University) ;
  • Chun, Soon-Sil (Department of Food & Nutrition, Sunchon National University)
  • Received : 2014.08.22
  • Accepted : 2014.09.23
  • Published : 2014.12.31

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to manufacture white bread by substituting bakery yeast with natural starter. The general composition of wild grape, was 81.22% moisture, 0.81% ash, 0.74% crude fat, 1.58% crude protein, and 15.65% carbohydrate contents. Fermented wild grape extract was made by culturing for 4 days at $25^{\circ}C$. Flour was added three times to fermented wild grape extract and incubated for 36 hours at $20^{\circ}C$ to manufacture sourdough. We investigated the quality characteristics of white bread with different amounts of fermented wild grape sourdough. The pH of dough decreased with increasing amounts of sourdough, whereas total titratable acidity of dough significantly increased. Fermentation power of dough expansion significantly increased with increasing incubation time, and control showed the highest value of 126.67%. White bread specific volume was highest in, 50% sourdough at 4.76 mL/g. Water content increased with increasing amounts of sourdough, whereas water activity was not significantly different between the samples. For texture, hardness of 50% sourdough was lowest at 19.23 g. In the sensory evaluation, color, flavor, softness and overall acceptability decreased with increasing amounts of sourdough. As a result, 50% sourdough can be considered as a baker's yeast substitute for making natural fermented bread.

본 연구에서는 머루를 이용한 sourdough를 제조하고 머루 sourdough 10%, 30%, 50% 및 70%를 대체한 식빵의 이화학적 특성과 관능검사를 실시하였다. $25^{\circ}C$에서 발효한 머루액종의 pH는 발효시간이 증가할수록 pH는 유의적으로 낮아졌으며, 적정 산도는 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 당도는 발효 1일차에 $4.57^{\circ}Brix$로 가장 높았고 발효시간이 증가할수록 유의적으로 낮아졌으며(P<0.05), 알코올 함량은 1일 차에는 나타나지 않았고 4일차에서 1.37%를 나타냈다. 완성된 발효액에 밀가루를 첨가하여 $20^{\circ}C$에서 36시간 발효하여 sourdough를 제조하였다. 제조된 머루 sourdough 10%, 30%, 50% 및 70%로 대체하여 식빵을 제조하였다. 식빵 반죽의 pH는 sourdough 대체량이 증가할수록 낮아졌으며 적정 산도는 유의적으로 증가하였다. 발효시간에 따른 발효팽창력은 10% 대체군이 20.00%로 유의적으로 가장 낮았으며(P<0.05), sourdough 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 높아졌다(P<0.05). 반죽의 2차 발효시간에서 대체군들은 머루 대체량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 낮아졌다(P<0.05). 식빵의 비용적은 50% 대체군이 4.76 mL/g으로 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 수분 함량은 머루 sourdough 대체량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였고(P<0.05), 수분활성도는 실험군들 간에 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다(P<0.05). 조직감에서 경도는 50% 대체군이 19.23 g으로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 기호도 검사 결과 색, 향미, 부드러운 정도 및 전체적인 기호도는 sourdough 대체량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였다. 따라서 식빵의 품질 특성과 소비자 기호도 등을 고려할 때 머루 sourdough 50% 대체군이 최적배합비로 결정되었다.

Keywords

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