DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Freezing Temperature on Blueberry Quality

냉동 온도에 따른 블루베리의 품질 특성 비교

  • Jo, Hye-Jin (Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Jung-Eun (Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Yu, Min-Ji (Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Wang-Hee (Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Song, Kyung Bin (Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Ha-Yun (Department of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Hwang, In Guk (Department of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Yoo, Seon Mi (Department of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Han, Gwi Jung (Department of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Park, Jong-Tae (Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University)
  • 조혜진 (충남대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 김정은 (충남대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 유민지 (충남대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 이왕희 (충남대학교 바이오시스템기계공학과) ;
  • 송경빈 (충남대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 김하윤 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부) ;
  • 황인국 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부) ;
  • 유선미 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부) ;
  • 한귀정 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부) ;
  • 박종태 (충남대학교 식품공학과)
  • Received : 2014.10.16
  • Accepted : 2014.10.23
  • Published : 2014.12.31

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of freezing temperature on quality of blueberries, blueberry fruit was frozen at -20, -45, and $-70^{\circ}C$ immediately after harvest. After 24 hr of freezing, frozen blueberries were stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 2 months. Blueberries were thawed at $4^{\circ}C$ or $25^{\circ}C$ and subjected to subsequent analyses of drip ratio, fruit hardness, pH of juice, color, and sugar content. Frozen berries at all three temperatures did not show any significant difference in pH or sugar content compared with fresh berries. The drip ratio of berries decreased as the freezing temperature decreased. Thawing conditions significantly affected the drip ratio of berries frozen at $-20^{\circ}C$. Hardness of berries was significantly reduced after freeze-thawing. Freezing and thawing reduced total aerobic bacteria and yeast/mold numbers by more than 2 log regardless of freezing or thawing temperature ($4^{\circ}C$ or $25^{\circ}C$). Cross-section of blueberries did not show different shapes by freezing temperature. Further studies such as sensory evaluation are needed to determine the optimum freezing temperature regarding quality and cost.

고품질의 냉동 블루베리 생산 유통을 위한 과학적 자료 확보를 위한 냉동 온도별 블루베리 품질 비교 연구를 수행하였다. 수확한 블루베리를 각각 $-20^{\circ}C$, $-45^{\circ}C$, $-70^{\circ}C$로 냉동 후 $-20^{\circ}C$에 2개월 보관한 다음 drip율, 산도, 고형분 함량, 색도, hardness, 유리당 함량, 미생물 오염 정도, 단면 미세구조 등을 관찰하여 냉동 및 해동 조건에 따른 블루베리의 품질 차이를 비교하였다. 냉동 블루베리의 pH와 유리당 함량은 냉동조건에 따른 차이가 거의 나타나지 않았다. 초기 $-20^{\circ}C$로 냉동된 블루베리의 drip율은 4.09%로 가장 많았으며 냉동 온도가 낮아질수록 drip율이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. $25^{\circ}C$로 해동한 경우 저온 해동 시료에 비하여 유의적으로 낮은 drip율을 나타냈다. 냉동 및 해동을 거친 후 블루베리의 hardness는 생과에 비해 절반가량으로 감소하였으며 냉동 온도에 따른 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 생과 상태에 비해 냉동 후 해동된 블루베리의 미생물 수는 전체적으로 100배 이상 감소했으며, $4^{\circ}C$보다 $25^{\circ}C$에서 해동한 경우가 상대적으로 더 높은 미생물 정도를 보였다. 냉동된 블루베리의 단면 미세구조를 관찰한 결과, 전체적으로 냉동 온도 차이에 따른 뚜렷한 경향은 나타내지 않았다. 생산비용과 품질을 고려한 냉동 블루베리의 생산 및 유통을 위한 최적조건 설정을 위해서 추가적으로 관능평가 등의 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Jeong CH, Choi SG, Heo HJ. 2008. Analysis of nutritional compositions and antioxidative activities of Korean commercial blueberry and raspberry. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 37: 1375-1381. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.11.1375
  2. Jeong HR, Jo YN, Jeong JH, Kim HJ, Heo HJ. 2012. Nutritional composition and in vitro antioxidant activities of blueberry (Vaccinium asheii) leaf. Korean J Food Preserv 19: 604-610. https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2012.19.4.604
  3. Hwang SH, Ko SH. 2010. Quality characteristics of muffins containing domestic blueberry (V. corymbosum). J East Asian Soc Dietary Life 20: 727-734.
  4. Lee EJ, Bae JH. 2011. Study on the alleviation of an alcohol induced hangover and the antioxidant activity by mulberry fruit. Korean J Food & Nutr 24: 204-209. https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2011.24.2.204
  5. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2014. Food and agricultural organization statistics database (FAOSTAT). Available at http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/browse/Q/*/E.
  6. Kim SJ, Park KS, Park SJ, Kwon YH. 2013. Current status of blueberry culture in Korea. Korean J Hort Sci Technol 31: 139-139.
  7. Tressler DK, Evers CF. 1946. The freezing preservation of foods. 2th ed. The AVI Publishing Company, New York, NY, USA. p 244-247.
  8. Gerd W, Jill Roth E, Schweiger HG. 1983. Storage of cell suspensions and protoplasts of Glycine max (L.) Mem, Brassica napus (L.), Datura innoxia (Mill.), and Daucus carota (L.) by freezing. J Plant Physiol 1: 29-39.
  9. Dekazos ED. 1977. Sclereid development and prevention of woodiness and/or grittiness in rabbiteye blueberries. Proc Fla State Hort Soc 90: 218-224.
  10. Sanford KA, Lidster PD, Mcrae KB, Jackson ED, Lawrence RA, Stark R. 1991. Lowbush blueberry quality changes in response to mechanical damage and storage temperature. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 116: 47-51.
  11. Goff HD. 1992. Low-temperature stability and the glassy state in frozen foods. Food Res Int 25: 317-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/0963-9969(92)90128-R
  12. Reid DS. 1983. Fundamental physico-chemical aspects of freezing. Food Technol 37: 110-115.
  13. Slade L, Levine H. 1991. Beyond water activity: Recent advances based on an alternative approach to the assessment of food quality and safety. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 30: 115-360. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408399109527543
  14. Allan-Wojtas P, Goff HD, Stark R, Carbyn S. 1999. The effect of freezing method and frozen storage conditions on the microstructure of wild blueberries as observed by cold-stage scanning electron microscopy. Scanning 21: 334-347.
  15. Sesmero R, Quesada MA, Mercado JA. 2007. Antisense inhibition of pectate lyase gene expression in strawberry fruit: Characteristics of fruits processed into jam. J Food Eng 79: 194-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.01.044
  16. Moon HK, Lee SW, Kim JK. 2013. Physicochemical and quality characteristics of the Korean and American blueberries. Korean J Food Preserv 20: 524-531. https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2013.20.4.524
  17. Cho WJ, Song BS, Lee JY, Kim JK, Kim JH, Yoon YH, Choi JI, Kim GS, Lee JW. 2010. Composition analysis of various blueberries produced in Korea and manufacture of blueberry jam by response surface methodology. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 39: 319-323. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.2.319
  18. Roosi M, Giussani E, Morelli R, Scalzo RL, Nani RC, Torreggiani D. 2003. Effect of fruit blanching on phenolics and radical scavenging activity of highbush blueberry juice. Food Res Int 36: 999-1005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2003.07.002
  19. Oh HH, Hwang KT, Kim M, Lee HW, Kim SZ. 2008. Chemical characteristics of raspberry and blackberry fruits produced in Korea. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 37: 738-743. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.6.738
  20. Kalt W, Mcdonald JE. 1996. Chemical composition of lowbush blueberry cultivars. J Am Soc Hort Sci 121: 142-146.
  21. Modlibowska I. 1968. Ice formation within plants, the resulting damage and recovery. In Low Temperature Biology of Foodstuffs. Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford, UK. p 125-133.
  22. Kiser JS, Beckwith TD. 1942. Effect of fast-freezing upon bacterial flora of mackerel. J Food Sci 7: 255-259. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1942.tb17647.x

Cited by

  1. Physicochemical Characteristics of the Organically Grown Blueberry vol.30, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7318/KJFC/2015.30.4.463
  2. Effects of Freezing Temperature on Quality of Mulberry vol.47, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2015.47.2.267
  3. 효소처리에 의한 블루베리 음료 생산을 위한 최적추출조건 vol.24, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2017.24.1.60
  4. Impact of Various Factors on Color Stability of Fresh Blueberry Juice during Storage vol.23, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2018.23.1.46
  5. Advantages of Liquid Nitrogen Quick Freezing Combine Gradient Slow Thawing for Quality Preserving of Blueberry vol.10, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10050368