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Effect of Visual Sensory Improvement by Amblyopia Treatment on Improvement of Ocular Functions

약시 치료에 의한 시감각 개선이 안기능 향상에 미치는 효과

  • Kim, Jae-Do (Dept. of Optometry and Vision Science, Kyungwoon University)
  • Received : 2014.11.07
  • Accepted : 2014.11.28
  • Published : 2014.12.31

Abstract

Purpose: This study is to investigate if the improvement of visual sensory (VS) by amblyopia treatment affects the ocular functions in refractive errors, accommodative errors and phoria at distance and near. Methods: 10 subjects (17 eyes, mean age of $10.7{\pm}2.9$ years) who treated amblyopia completely, were participated for this study. Refractive errors, accommodative errors, and distance and near phoria were compared between before and after treatments of amblyopia. Refractive errors and accommodative errors at 40 cm were measured using openfield auto-refractor (NVision-5001, Shin Nippon, Japan) and using monocular estimated method (MEM) respectively. Phoria was determined at 3 m for distance and at 40 cm for near using Howell phoria card, cover test or Maddox rod. Results: Mean corrected visual acuity (CVA) significantly increased from $0.46{\pm}0.11$ (decimal notation) for before amblyopia treatment to a level of $1.03{\pm}0.13$ for after amblyopia treatment (p < 0.001). For spherical refractive error, hyperopia significantly decreased from $+2.29{\pm}0.86D$ to a level of $+1.1{\pm}2.38D$ (p < 0.05) but astigmatism did not significantly change; $-1.80{\pm}1.41D$ for before treatment and $-1.65{\pm}1.30D$D for after treatment (p > 0.05). Accommodative error significantly decreased from accommodative lag of $+1.1{\pm}0.75D$ to a level of $+0.5{\pm}0.59D$ (accommodative lag) (p < 0.05). Distance phoria significantly changed from eso $2.9{\pm}6.17PD$ (prism diopters) to a level of eso $0.2{\pm}3.49PD$ (p < 0.05), and near phoria also significantly changed from eso $0.4{\pm}2.32PD$ to level of exo $2{\pm}4.9PD$ (p < 0.05). There was a high correlation (r = 0.88, p < 0.001) between improvement of visual acuity and decrease of accommodative lag. Conclusions: Hyperopic refractive error decreased with improvement of CVA or VS by amblyopia treatment. And the improvement of VS by amblyopia treatment also improved accommodative error, and changed phoria coupled with accommodation.

목적: 본 연구는 약시치료에 의한 감각개선이 굴절이상, 조절 및 원근 사위의 안기능에 영향을 미치는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 본 연구는 약시가 치료된 10명(17안, 평균나이 $10.7{\pm}2.9$년)을 대상으로 약시 치료 전과 치료 후의 굴절이상도, 조절오차 및 원근 사위를 비교하였다. 굴절이상도는 개방형 자동굴절검사기(N-Vision-5001, Shin Nippon, Japan)로 측정하였며 조절오차는 40 cm 거리에서 단안평가법(MEM)을 이용하여 측정하였다. 사위는 원거리는 3 m 근거리는 40 cm에서 Howell 사위카드, 차폐 또는 Maddox rod에 의한 방법으로 측정하여 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 평균 교정시력은 약시치료 전에 $0.46{\pm}0.11$(소수시력)에서 약시치료 후에 $1.03{\pm}0.13$으로 유의하게 증가되었다(p < 0.001). 구면굴절이상도는 치료 전에 원시도가 $+2.29{\pm}0.86D$에서 치료 후에 $+1.1{\pm}2.38D$로 감소하였지만(p < 0.05), 난시변화는 치료 전에 $-1.80{\pm}1.41D$에서 치료 후에 $-1.65{\pm}1.30D$로 유의적 변화가 없었다. 조절오차는 치료 전에는 조절지체 $+1.1{\pm}0.75D$에서 치료 후에는 $+0.5{\pm}0.59D$로 유의적 수준에서 감소하였다(p<0.05). 원거리사위는 치료 전에는 eso $2.9{\pm}6.17PD$(prism diopters)에서 치료 후에 eso $0.2{\pm}3.49PD$로 유의 수준에서 감소하였고, 근거리 사위 또한 치료 전에는 eso $0.4{\pm}2.32PD$에서 치료 후에는 exo $2{\pm}4.9PD$로 유의 수준에서 변화하였다(p<0.05). 시력 향상과 조절력 감소는 높은 상관관계(r = 0.88, p < 0.001)가 있었다. 결론: 약시치료 후 교정시력과 시감각의 개선과 함께 원시성 굴절이상도는 감소하였으며 약시치료에 의한 시감각의 개선은 조절오차를 개선시키고 조절에 영향을 받는 사위를 변화시키는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

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