Food Science and Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

GC/MS analysis of hydrocarbons and 2-alkylcyclobutanones from γ-ray irradiated walnut (Juglans nigra)

호두(Juglans nigra)의 감마선 조사에 따른 hydrocarbon류와 2-alkylcyclobutanone류의 GC/MS 분석

  • Nho, Eun Yeong (Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University) ;
  • Choi, Ji Yeon (Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University) ;
  • Kim, Kyong Su (Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University)
  • 노은영 (조선대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 최지연 (조선대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김경수 (조선대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2014.10.22
  • Accepted : 2014.12.05
  • Published : 2014.12.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted to analyze the hydrocarbons and 2-alkylcyclobutanones as marker compounds in walnuts after the walnuts' exposure to ${\gamma}$ irradiation. The samples were irradiated with gamma rays at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 kGy doses. The lipids were extracted via soxhlet extraction using hexane, and were separated by florisil column and identified via gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The hydrocarbons that were detected were 8-heptadecene ($C_{17:1}$) and 1,7-hexadecadiene ($C_{16:2}$) from oleic acid and 8,11-heptadecadiene ($C_{17:2}$) and 1,7,10-hexadecatriene ($C_{16:3}$) from linoleic acid. The 2-alkylcyclobutanones that were detected were 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (DCB) from palmitic acid, 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone (TCB) from stearic acid, 2-(5'-tetradecenyl)cyclobutanone (TECB) from oleic acid, and 2-(5',8'-tetradecadienyl)cyclobutanone (5',8'-TCB) from linoleic acid. The correlation between the irradiation dose and the concentrations of the hydrocarbons and 2-alkylcyclobutanones in the walnuts was found to be linear. The radio-induced hydrocarbons and 2-alkylcyclobutanones were clearly detected in the irradiated walnuts at 1 kGy and above, but not in the non-irradiated ones. The major hydrocarbons obtained after irradiation were 8-heptadecene from oleic acid and 8,11-heptadecadiene and 1,7,10-hexadecatriene from linoleic acid, and the major 2-alkylcyclobutanones were TECB from oleic acid and 5',8'-TCB from linoleic acid. Therefore, these major compounds were concluded to be the marker compounds for determining the irradiated and non-irradiated samples.

본 연구는 호두를 대상으로 감마선을 1-10 kGy 선량으로 조사시켜 생성된 hydrocarbon류와 2-alkylcyclobutanone류를 통해 방사선 조사여부를 확인하였다. 지방은 soxhlet방법으로 n-hexane을 추출용매로 사용하였고 florisil이 충진된 column으로 분리하여 gas chromatography / mass spectrometry(GC/MS)로 확인하였다. 감마선 조사된 호두에서 검출된 주요 hydrocarbon류는 oleic acid에서 유도된 8-heptadecene과 linoleic acid에서 유도된 8,11-Heptadecadiene, 1,7,10-Hexadecatriene이었고, 검출된 주요 2-alkylcyclobutanone류는 linoleic acid와 oleic acid에서 유도된 2-(5',8'-tetradecadienyl)cyclobutanone(5',8'-TCB), 2-(5'-tetradecenyl) cyclobutanone(TECB)가 가장 높은 함량으로 확인되었다. 조사된 호두에서 생성된hydrocarbon류와 2-alkylcyclobutanone류의 생성량은 선량에 비례하여 증가하였으며, 이 화합물들은 1 kGy 이상 조사된 시료에서만 나타났으며 비조사 시료에서는 확인되지 않았다. 따라서 방사선 조사에 의해 oleic acid과 linoleic acid에서 유도된 hydrocarbon류 중 8-heptadecene, 8,11-Heptadecadiene 및 1,7,10-Hexadecatriene, 2-alkylcyclobutanone류 중 5',8'-TCB 및 TECB는 감마선 조사 여부의 확인을 위한 marker로서 활용가능성이 높게 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Diehl JF (1995) Potential and current applications of food irradiation. In Safety of irradiated foods, 2nd ed., Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, USA, p 291-338
  2. WHO (1981) Wholesomeness of irradiated food. Report of A Joint FAO/IAEA/WHO Expert Committee. In Technical Report Series 659, Geneva, Switzerland
  3. Kim JK, Song BS, Kim JH, Park JH, Byun EB, Lee JW (2013) Sterilization characteristics of ionizing irradiation and its industrial application. J Korean Musculoskelet Transplant Soc, 13, 49-57
  4. Byun MW, Yook HS (2003) Internal and external situation of irradiation technology uilization in the food and public health industry. Korean J Food Preserv, 10, 106-123
  5. MFDS (2014) Korean Food Standards Code, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 2-5-6 http://fse.foodnara.go.kr/residue/RS/jsp/menu_02_01_03.jsp?idx=12
  6. Ternus M, McMahon K, Lapsley K, Johnson G. (2006) Qualified health claim for nuts and heart disease prevention, development of consumer-friendly language. Nutr Today 41, 62-66. https://doi.org/10.1097/00017285-200603000-00005
  7. Korea Rural Economic Institute (2014) Trend of agricultural import from FTA partners, http://support.krei.re.kr/data/file/import/1391562443_fd2959334f6de771d88b6e28a5697eaf.pdf
  8. Kim M, Rhee SH, Ryu JH, Cheigh HS (1988) Studies on the oxidative stability of pinenut oil. Korean J Food Sci Technol, 20, 868-872
  9. Kim MK, Kim JS, JO BS, Kim JH, Lee IC, Lee MS, Cho YJ (2011) Functional properties of walnut in cosmetics. J Life Science, 21, 858-864 https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2011.21.6.858
  10. Kwon JH (2010) Safety and understanding of irradiated food. Korea Food Safety Research Institute, KFSRI ISBN 978-89-962714-2-0 94570
  11. Glidewell SM, Deighton N, Goodman BA, Hillman J (1993) Detection of irradiated food : A review. J Sci Food Agr, 61, 281-300 https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740610302
  12. Nawar WW, Balboni JJ (1970) Detection of irradiation treatment in food. J Assoc Offic Anal Chem, 53, 726-729
  13. European committee for standardization (2003) Detection of irradiated food containing fat - Gas chromatographic analysis of hydrocarbons, European Committee for Standardization. English version of EN1784, Brussele, Belfium, 1-4
  14. European committee for standardization (2003) Detection of irradiated food containing fat - Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of 2-alkylcyclobutanones, European Committee for Standardization. English version of EN1785, Brussele, Belfium, 1-2
  15. Kwon JH, Kausar T, Lee J, Kim HK, Ahn DU (2007) The microwave-assisted extraction of fats from irradiated meat products for the detection of radiation-induced hydrocarbons. Food Sci Biotechnol, 16, 150-153
  16. Hwang KT, Kim JE, Park JN, Yang JS (2007) Effects of roasting, powdering and storing irradiated soybeans on hydrocarbon detection for identifying post-irradiation of soybeans. Food Chem, 102, 263-269 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.05.015
  17. Lee HJ, Kim KS (2001) Analysis of radiolytically produced hydrocarbons and 2-alkylcyclobutanones from irradiated pinenut. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr, 30, 37-42
  18. Lee HJ, Yun IN, Seo HY, Song HP, Hong CH, Kim KS (2002) Analysis of radiolytic compounds of lipids for the detection of irradiation in dried Mytilus coruscus. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr, 31, 599-603 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2002.31.4.599
  19. Kim JH, Kim KS (2003) Analysis of radiolytic products of lipids for the detection of irradiated dried cuttle fish (Sepia officinalis). Korean J Food Sci Techonol, 35, 1072-1078
  20. Lee J, Ahn JJ, Kwon JH (2012) Physicochemical identification characteristics of irradiated brown rice, soybean and sesame seeds during storage. Korean J Food Preserv, 19, 37-46 https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2012.19.1.037
  21. Hong YS, Rhu KY, Kim KS (2014) Analysis of radiation induced hydrocarbons by electron-beam irradiation in dried squid (Todarodes pacificus) and octopus (Paroctopus dofleini). Korean J Food Preserv, 21, 381-387 https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2014.21.3.381
  22. Jeong IS, Kim JS, Hwang IM, Choi SH, Choi JY, Nho EY, Khan N, Kim BS, Kim KS (2003) Detection of hydrocarbons induced by electron beam irradiation of allmond (Prunus amygosalus L.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Korean J Food Sci Technol, 45, 20-24
  23. Kim KS, Kim EA, Lee HJ, Yang JS, Byun MW, Kim SM, Lee MY (1999) Quantitative comparison of radiation-induced 2-alkylcyclobutanones from irradiated beef and chicken. Korean J Food Sci Technol, 31, 1495-1502
  24. Kwon JH, Kausar T, Lee J, Kim HK, Ahn DU (2007) The microwave-assisted extraction of fats from irradiated meat products for the detection of radiation-induced hydrocarbons. Food Sci Biotechnol, 16, 150-153.
  25. Lee J, Ahn JJ, Kwon JH (2012) Physicochemical identification caracteristics of irradiated brown rice, soybean and sesame seeds during storage. Korean J Food Preserv, 19, 37-46 https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2012.19.1.037
  26. MFDS (2014) Korean Food Standards Code, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 9-1.1.5.4 http://fse.foodnara.go.kr/residue/RS/jsp/menu_02_01_03.jsp?idx=298
  27. LeTellier PR, Nawar WW (1972) 2-Alkylcyclobutanones from the radiolysis of triglycerides, Lipids, 7, 75-76 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02531273