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Foods Use of the Red-Tongued Viper Snake (Gloydius ussuriensis)

쇠살모사 Red-tongued viper snake (Gloydius ussuriensis)의 먹이 이용

  • Received : 2014.08.04
  • Accepted : 2014.11.13
  • Published : 2014.12.31

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the difference in feeding habits of Red-Tongued Viper Snakes, according to available foods sources and areas. The effects of differences in food sources were found on Red-Tongued Viper Snake inhabited in the Jeju Island and its islet Gapado, from May 2006 to Nov. 2010. The food sources for the Red-Tongued viper snake population in the Jeju Island were found to be as follows: Chinese red-headed centipedes (Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans), Jeju Salamanders (Hynobius quelpaertensis), Japanese tree Frogs (Hyla japonica), Narrow-mouthed Toad (Kaloula borealis), Dybowski's Brown Frogs (Rana dybowskii), Black-spotted Pond Frogs (Rana nigromaculata), Smooth Skinks (Scincella vandenburghi), Asian Keelback Snakes (Amphiesma vibakari), Lesser White-toothed Shrews (Crosidura shantungensis), Hallasan Shrews (Sorex caecutiens hallamontanus), and Jeju Striped Field Mice (Apodemus chejuensis). This implies that Red-Tongued Viper Snakes mainly feed on amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals. Among these, amphibians occupied the highest portion at 55.2% followed by mammals at 20.7%, centipedes at 13.8%, and reptiles at 10.3%. On the contrary, Red-tongued viper snake population in Gapado only feed on Chinese red-headed centipedes and Smooth Skinks (S. vandenburghi). Since only a small amount of nutrient can be obtained from Chinese red-headed centipeds or Smooth Skinks, this feeding habit for Red-tongued viper snake would adversely effect on the growth or regeneration. The reason why Red-Tongued viper snake population in the Gapado mainly feed on Lizard and Centipedes in spite of relatively various available food sources, might be due to the low density of other food sources in the Gapado. Red-Tongued viper snake could be feeding on foods that are low in quality but are easily accessible, to minimize energy consumption on searching for other more nutritious foods. A snake tends to select the size of its food depending on the size of its own head. The positive correlation was found between the size of the heads of Red-Tongued viper snakes from the Jeju island and the diameter of their foods. The head size was larger in the males than females in viper snake population from the Jeju Island, which might effect on their selection of foods. However, no significant difference was found between the sizes of the head and the food in the Red-Tongued viper snake population from the Gapado. The findings of this study would provide meaningful data, which directly shows that even within the same viper species they choose different available food sources according to their inhabitance. This leads to their growth and adaptation to their environment which is beneficial for sustaining of its population.

이 연구는 2006년 5월부터 2010년 11월까지 제주도와 부속도서인 가파도에 서식하는 쇠살모사의 먹이원과 지역에 따른 먹이이용의 차이를 밝혀 먹이원의 차이가 쇠살모사의 생활사에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 밝히기 위하여 이루어졌다. 연구결과, 제주도 개체군에서 확인된 먹이원은 왕지네(Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans), 제주도롱뇽(Hynobius quelpaertensis), 청개구리(Hyla japonica), 맹꽁이(Kaloula borealis), 북방산개구리(Rana dybowskii), 참개구리(Rana nigromaculata), 도마뱀(Scincella vandenburghi), 대륙유혈목이(Amphiesma vibakari), 작은땃쥐(Crosidura shantungensis), 한라산뒤쥐(Sorex caecutiens hallamontanus), 제주등줄쥐(Apodemus chejuensis) 등으로 양서류나 파충류 및 소형포유류를 주로 포식하는 것으로 나타났다. 이중 양서류가 55.2%로 가장 높은 빈도를 보였고, 포유류 20.7%, 지네 13.8%, 파충류 10.3% 순이었다. 이와 달리 가파도 개체군에서는 지네와 도마뱀만을 먹는 것으로 나타났다. 지네나 도마뱀은 작은 크기라 1회 포식으로 얻을 수 있는 영양분이 떨어지기 때문에 제주도 개체군에 비해 생장이나 생식에 불리하게 작용할 것이다. 가파도 개체군의 경우 이용할 수 있는 먹이원의 종류는 비교적 다양함에도 불구하고 도마뱀과 지네만을 주로 포식하는 것은 다른 먹이원의 밀도가 낮아 이를 찾기 위한 노력에 소비되는 에너지를 최소화하기 위해 질은 낮지만 쉽게 구할 수 있는 먹이를 선택하는 것이라 판단된다. 뱀은 머리의 크기가 클수록 큰 먹이를 선택하는 경향이 있는데, 제주도 개체군에서도 쇠살모사의 머리의 크기와 먹이의 직경 사이에 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 제주도 개체군은 수컷이 암컷보다 머리가 크며, 이러한 결과는 먹이의 선택에도 영향을 미칠 것이라 판단된다. 반면, 지네와 도마뱀만을 포식하는 가파도 개체군에서는 머리 크기와 먹이 크기 간에 유의한 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 같은 종이라도 서식장소에 따라 이용가능한 먹이원을 선택하여 각기 다른 방향으로 환경에 적응하면서 개체군을 유지하는 데 유리한 방향으로 성장해간다는 것을 직접적으로 보여주는 매우 의미 있는 자료라 판단된다.

Keywords

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