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Effects of Nutrition Education on Improvement of Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Low Income

저소득층 당뇨병 환자의 영양교육을 통한 혈당개선 효과

  • Lim, Eun-Jin (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Mi Jeong (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Silla University) ;
  • Han, Ji-Sook (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University)
  • 임은진 (부산대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김미정 (신라대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 한지숙 (부산대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2013.09.10
  • Accepted : 2013.10.22
  • Published : 2014.01.31

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of nutrition education on blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients with low income. There were 50 (27 male and 23 female) study subjects with type 2 diabetes under national medical support, and the monthly income in most of them was less than 500,000 won. Anthropometric measurement, biochemical blood indices, food intake, dietary habits, and nutrition knowledge of the subjects were investigated before nutrition education. Nutrition education was conducted 6 times within 12 weeks. After nutrition education, the glycosylated hemoglobin was significantly decreased (male: $8.4{\pm}1.6%$ to $8.0{\pm}1.7%$, female: $8.3{\pm}1.6%$ to $8.0{\pm}1.3%$) and the total cholesterol was also significantly decreased in both groups. The group of female resulted in a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose ($169.7{\pm}28.2$ mg/dL to $152.8{\pm}22.0$ mg/dL) and triglyceride ($177.8{\pm}56.3$ mg/dL to $162.3{\pm}36.1$ mg/dL), but the group of male did not show a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose and triglyceride. Nutritional knowledge and dietary habit scores of the subjects were significantly improved after nutrition education. The results demonstrate that nutrition education for type 2 diabetic patients with low income are effective in improving their blood glucose.

본 연구는 제2형 당뇨병으로 진단받은 환자 중 의료급여수급권자를 대상으로 12주간 영양교육을 실시하여 저소득층 당뇨병환자들의 영양교육을 통한 식습관 및 혈당개선의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 총 45명(남자 25명, 여자 20명)으로 구성되었으며 교육 후 여자에서 공복혈당 및 당화혈색소가 유의하게(P<0.05) 감소하였다. 혈중지질은 남자는 교육후 총콜레스테롤이 유의하게(P<0.05) 감소하였으나 LDL-콜레스테롤과 HDL-콜레스테롤, 중성지방에서는 유의한 변화가 없었다. 여자는 총콜레스테롤과 중성지방이 유의하게 (P<0.05) 감소하였으며 LDL-콜레스테롤과 HDL-콜레스테롤은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 식습관의 총 점수는 남녀 모두에서 교육 후 상승하는 경향을 보였으며, 항목별로는 남녀 모두에서 중정도의 식사 섭취와 식사 외의 간식을 먹지 않는다는 항목에서 유의적인 향상이 있었다. 영양지식의 경우도 남녀 모두에서 총 지식점수의 상승경향을 보였고, 아침결식 후 점심과 식사섭취, 떡과 감자류 등의 탄수화물 조성, 술의 영양가에 대한 항목에서 유의적인 지식 향상이 있었다. 영양소섭취 상태에 있어서 교육 후 탄수화물이 여자에서 유의하게 감소하였으며, 단백질은 두 군 모두 유의하게 상승하였고 지방은 여자에서 유의하게 상승하였다. 비타민은 여자에서 비타민 A, B1이 유의하게 상승하였으며, 무기질은 남자가 교육 후 칼슘, 인, 철분, 나트륨, 칼륨, 아연에서, 여자는 칼슘, 인, 나트륨에서 유의한 변화가 있었다. 에너지 구성 영양소의 비율은 남자는 교육 전 탄수화물 : 단백질 : 지방 : 알코올이 62.4%:12.7%:14.6%:10.1%에서 교육 후 65.1%:14.5%:15.0%:5.6%로 변화되었고, 여자는 탄수화물 : 단백질 : 지방의 비율이 교육 전 70.5%:14.8%:14.6%에서 교육 후 66.4%:16.3%:17.6%로 변화되었다. 본 연구는 저소득층 제2형 당뇨병환자를 대상으로 저소득층 당뇨병환자의 특성을 파악하고, 이들의 식습관 문제점을 도출하여 그것을 토대로 적절한 영양교육을 실시한 결과 혈당, 식습관, 영양지식 및 영양소섭취상태의 개선에 효과가 있었다. 저소득층 당뇨병 환자에게는 경제적으로나 현실적으로 어려움이 많기 때문에 구체적인 대안이 필요하며, 실천 가능한 영양교육이 지속적으로 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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