Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
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Perception and Practices Regarding Food Allergy of Elementary and Middle School Nutritionists in the Jeonnam Area

전남지역 초등학교와 중학교 영양(교)사의 식품알레르기 관련 업무에 관한 인식 및 수행도

  • Kim, Young-Mi (Graduate School of Education, Human Ecology Research Institute, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Heo, Young-Ran (Div. of Food and Nutrition, Human Ecology Research Institute, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Ro, Hee-Kyong (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Dongshin University)
  • 김영미 (전남대학교 교육대학원) ;
  • 허영란 (전남대학교 식품영양과학부 및 생활과학연구소) ;
  • 노희경 (동신대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2013.12.02
  • Accepted : 2014.01.16
  • Published : 2014.01.31
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Abstract

As concerns have been raised about the increasing number of children with food allergies, the management of food allergies through the consideration of school meals is an emerging issue. This study investigated the perception and practices regarding food allergy of elementary and middle school nutrition teachers in the Jeonnam area. A total of 236 nutritionists/nutrition teachers participated in the survey and completed questionnaires. The foods most reported to cause allergic reactions were peach, eggs, peanuts, shrimps, mackerel, and milk. Participants reported that the major tasks to be completed for management of food allergies: the estimated number of students with food allergies, the offering of allergy-free or alternative foods and informing families of foods that may cause an allergic reaction. A majority of the participants (94%) recognized that the nutrition teacher has the primary role in managing students with food allergies in school. To manage these students, nutrition teachers mostly reported informing of allergic foods/ingredients in the school menu and the estimation of students with food allergy. The percentage of participants who experienced education programs on food allergies was 16.9%, whereas 97% of participants answered that a good professional education regarding allergies for nutrition teachers is required. The knowledge level evaluated with objective questions was significantly higher than the self-estimated knowledge level. In conclusion, nutrition teachers understood the tasks regarding food allergy thoroughly and that, the tasks are relatively under-practiced. To improve the management of food allergies in school meals, professional education programs regarding food allergies should be provided for nutrition teachers.

본 연구는 전남지역 학교 급식에서의 식품알레르기에 대한 관리 실태를 알아보기 위하여 전남에 근무하는 초등학교와 중학교 영양(교)사 236명을 대상으로 식품알레르기 업무에 관한 인식과 수행도 및 지식수준을 조사하였고 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 식품알레르기 업무 우선순위에 대한 인식은 초등학교와 중학교 영양(교)사 모두 식품알레르기 유병 학생 파악, 제거식 대체식 제공, 식품알레르기 표시 식단표 게시 및 발송, 교직원 및 조리종사원 교육과 학생 학부모 교육 순이었다. 전남지역 영양(교)사의 89.3%가 식품알레르기 관련 영양교육 및 상담 자료가 충분치 않다고 인식하고 있었고, 교육 및 상담 자료는 스스로 인터넷 검색을 통하여 활용하는 경우가 전체 평균 55%로 가장 많았다. 또한 식품알레르기 학생 관리에 대한 영양(교)사의 역할에 대해서는 전체 대상자의 94.0%가 중요하다고 인식하였다. 자신의 식품알레르기 지식 및 이해수준은 초등학교 영양(교)사 37.1%, 중학교 영양(교)사 42.4%가 40~60% 정도라고 인식하고 있었다. 식품알레르기에 관한 업무 수행도는 식품알레르기 표시 식단표 게시 및 발송(63.6%), 식품알레르기 유병 학생파악(43.2%), 대체식 및 제거식 제공(23.7%), 식품알레르기 교육 및 상담실시(19.9%) 순이었으며, 이들 식품알레르기 관련 업무 우선순위와 수행도 사이에는 차이가 있었다. 한편 식품알레르기 유병 학생 파악 업무(P<0.001), 식품알레르기 유발식품 표시 식단표의 게시 및 발송 업무(P<0.05) 수행도는 초등학교가 중학교 영양(교사)보다 유의하게 높았다. 식품알레르기에 대한 문항에 대한 정답률은 초등학교 영양(교)사 71.5%였고, 중학교 영양(교)사 65.8%로 초등학교 영양(교)사가 유의하게 높았다(P<0.01). 식품알레르기 관련 교육 및 연수 이수율은 전체 조사대상자의 16.9%로 매우 낮았으며, 식품알레르기 교육 수강여부는 식품알레르기에 대한 지식 문항 정답률에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 본 연구 결과 전남지역 초등학교와 중학교 영양(교)사의 식품 알레르기에 대한 업무 우선순위, 영양(교)사의 역할 중요도, 연수 요구도 등에 대한 인식은 높은데 비하여, 업무 과다, 교육 자료 및 연수 기회 부족 등으로 식품알레르기에 관한 업무 수행도는 부분적으로 미흡하였고 지식수준은 분야에 따라 미흡한 상태였다. 따라서 본 연구 결과들은 학교 급식에서 식품알레르기 관련 업무에 대한 수행도를 높이기 위해서는 영양교사의 인식수준에 부합하는 체계적인 양질의 교육과 연수 기회 제공, 학생 스스로의 식품알레르기 관리와 예방을 위한 영양교육 시수 확보 및 단위학교에 적합한 식품 알레르기 관리 매뉴얼의 제작 보급이 우선적으로 필요함을 시사한다.

Keywords

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