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학교급식 직원의 고용유형에 따른 인적 자원 관리 활동에 대한 인식과 조직 몰입도

The Organization Commitment and Perception of Human Resource Management by Employment Types of School Foodservice Employees

  • 이옥 (단국대학교 교육대학원 식품영양정보전공) ;
  • 조민주 (단국대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 장혜자 (단국대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Lee, Ok (Major in Food and Nutrition Information of Graduate School of Education, Dankook University) ;
  • Cho, Minju (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University) ;
  • Chang, Hyeja (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University)
  • 투고 : 2013.08.12
  • 심사 : 2013.12.27
  • 발행 : 2014.01.31

초록

본 연구는 경기 성남 용인 지역 학교 영양사 60명, 조리원 240명을 대상으로 학교급식소의 인적 자원 관리 활동의 수행수준에 대한 인식도와 조직 몰입도를 살펴보고, 생산성을 분석하여 이들 요소 간의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 또한 정규직원과 비정규직원이 인적 자원 관리 활동과 조직 몰입도에 차이가 있는지를 살펴보았다. 응답자는 모두 여성이고, 60.3%가 40대, 89.3%가 기혼자이며, 42.0%가 1년~3년의 근무 경력을 지녔고 정규직이 53.6%, 비정규직이 47.3%였다. 인적 관리 활동은 '인력 확보', '직원 교육', '경력 개발', '보상관리', '근로 조건', '근로 환경', '이직 관리', '수행력 평가' 8요인으로 분류되었고, 이들 영역 중에서 학교급식소는 '직원 교육'을 가장 활발하게 전개하고 있었다. 그러나 보상 관리, 근로 조건 영역의 활동이 부족한 것으로 나타나서 업무성과에 따른 보상, 보상제도, 복리 후생 제도에 선택권 부여, 다양한 직원혜택에 관한 개발이 필요하였다. 고용유형별로는 정규직(2.75)이 비정규직(2.55)보다 근로 환경을 제외한 모든 영역에서 인적 관리 활동을 더 높게 평가하였다(P<0.001). 특히 인력 확보 관리, 채용의 공정성, 신입직원 오리엔테이션, 수행력 기준의 적합성, 수행력 평가의 공정성면에서 비정규직원이 낮게 평가하였다. 직영 학교급식소의 생산성은 작업시간당 급식수는 13.7명, 1식당 작업소요시간 4.5분, 한 끼 식사당 인건비는 500원, 정규직원 1인당 1일 급식수는 109.6명으로 나타났다. 인적 자원 관리, 조직몰입도, 생산성의 관계 분석에서는 인적 관리 활동 중에서 수행력 평가 영역만 조직 몰입도에 긍정적 영향력을 미쳤고(${\beta}$=0.292, P<0.05), 직영학교급식소의 인적 자원 관리 활동과 급식생산성(작업시간당 급식소)은 양의 상관관계(r=0.432, P<0.001)를, 직원의 조직 몰입도와 생산성도 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.36, P<0.01). 이상의 결과에서 학교급식 관리자는 급식생산성은 인적 자원 관리 활동과 조직 몰입도에 높은 상관관계가 있음을 인식하고 조직의 성공적 운영을 위하여 조직 목적에 적합한 인적 자원 관리 활동의 계획과 실행이 가능하도록 더욱 주의를 기울여야 할 것이다. 또한 직무 수행력 평가는 직무 몰입도 향상에 주요 영향인자임을 인식하고 비정규직 비율이 높은 학교급식의 특성을 감안하여 정규직원뿐 아니라 비정규직원의 니즈를 반영한 인적 자원 관리 활동과 직무 평가시스템의 구축을 이룩하여야 할 것이다. 또한 본 연구 결과에서 보상 관리 활동의 적극적 전개가 요구되었는데 "업무 성과에 따른 보상", "개인 또는 팀별 보상제도"와 근로 조건 "경쟁력 있는 급여", "승진기회의 공정성"의 개선이 이루어질 수 있도록 객관적 평가 기준을 마련하고 공정한 평가를 직원들의 사기 진작이 필요하겠다. 특히 비정규직원 교육에 주의를 기울이고, 보상 체계를 유연하게 구사한다면 조직 몰입도와 더불어 생산성은 더욱 향상될 것이라 사료된다.

As the foodservice industry is labor intensive, the efficient management of human resources is an essential element for improving operational efficiency. This study was designed to investigate the performance level of human resource management in self-operated school foodservices and to examine the relationship between human resource management, organizational commitment, and productivity. Whether these factors rated differently by employment and job types was also examined. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 60 dieticians and 240 cooks in Seongnam and Yongin. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, the t-test and multiple regression analysis were tested using Minitab. Human resource management practices rated highly in the dimension of employee training (3.51), followed by working environment (3.39), and turnover management (3.37). In contrast, reward management (1.73) and working condition (1.56) received the lowest score. Organizational commitment scored 3.65 points, and showed that dedication (3.82) was the highest score; however, self-esteem (3.50) was the lowest score. For human resource management, there were significant differences between employment types as full time workers (3.85) rated management more highly than part-time worker (3.43). Overall productivity was fairly high, especially in high school foodservices. Only the performance appraisal had an influence on organizational commitment (${\beta}$=0.292, P<0.05). Productivity was positively correlated with human resource management (r=0.432, P<0.001) and organizational commitment (r=0.36, P<0.01). In conclusion, school foodservices need to establish objective performance standards, and increase employee morale by enhancing reward systems and working conditions. In particular, irregular employees require training with job performance standards and given a proper reward program, depending on their performance, to improve organizational commitment.

키워드

참고문헌

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  1. Study on Relations among Emotional Labor, Burnout, Engagement and Customer Orientation of High School Foodservice Employees in Busan Area vol.31, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2015.31.3.370
  2. School Dieticians’ Awareness of Necessity for Nutrition Education and Need for Better Working Environment: In-Depth Interview vol.30, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7318/KJFC/2015.30.5.695
  3. Contribution of Emotional Labor to Burnout and Work Engagement of School Foodservice Employees in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Province vol.44, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2015.44.4.610
  4. Systemic analysis 방법을 활용한 국내 학교급식 위생의 주요 영향 인자 분석 연구(2005-2014) vol.30, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.13103/jfhs.2015.30.1.13
  5. 직무환경 요인이 학교급식 조리종사자의 이직의도에 미치는 영향과 조직몰입의 매개효과 vol.19, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5762/kais.2018.19.4.254
  6. 강원도 학교급식 조리종사원의 무기계약직 전환 정책에 따른 임금처우, 고용환경, 직무안정성 비교분석 vol.24, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.14373/jkda.2018.24.3.261