Korean Journal of Childcare and Education (한국보육지원학회지)

Korean Association of ChildCare & Educatioin (한국보육지원학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Study of 3-year-old Infants' Emotional Regulation Strategies in Frustrating Situations and Their Mothers' Responsive Strategies

좌절 상황에서 3세 유아가 사용하는 정서조절 전략과 어머니의 반응 전략

  • 윤금숙 (전북대학교 생활과학대학 아동전공) ;
  • 이진숙 (전북대학교 생활과학대학 아동학과)
  • Received : 2013.12.15
  • Accepted : 2014.04.22
  • Published : 2014.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of emotional regulation strategies of 3-year-old infants in frustrating situations and the correlation between infants' emotional strategies and their mothers' responsive strategies. In the current study, 33 dyads of infant-mother were observed in the laboratory. Stansbury and Sigman's (2000) experimental instrument was revised and complemented according to Korean culture, and it was categorized into 5 measures for infants' use of emotional regulation strategies in frustrating situations and their mothers' responsive strategies: comforting, instrumental, cognitive reappraisal, distraction, and others. As a result, infants' emotional regulation strategies and their mothers' responsive strategies were categorized as 5 such strategies. The findings of this study showed that 3-year-old infants used complex strategies including cognitive reappraisal. They used instrumental strategy most during a 'clean up' frustrating situation and distraction strategy during a 'candy given then denied' situation. There was significant correlation between infants' emotional regulation strategies and their mothers' responsive strategies.

본 연구는 좌절 상황에서 3세 유아가 보이는 정서조절 전략의 양상을 살펴보고, 유아의 전략과 그에 반응하는 어머니의 전략 간의 상관을 알아보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 만 3세 유아와 어머니 33쌍을 대상으로 한 실험 관찰을 실시하였다. Stansbury와 Sigman(2000)의 도구를 한국의 문화적 실정에 맞춰 수정 보완하여 사용하였는데, 이 도구는 2개의 좌절 상황에서 유아의 정서조절 전략과 어머니의 반응 전략을 위안, 도구, 인지 재평가, 주의전환, 기타의 5가지로 구분한다. 연구 결과, 3세 유아들은 인지 재평가를 포함한 복잡한 전략을 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. '장난감 정리 과제'(Clean-up) 좌절상황에서는 도구적 전략을 가장 많이 사용하였고, '사탕 지연 과제'(Candy given then denied)의 상황에서는 주의전환 전략을 가장 많이 사용하였다. 유아의 정서조절 전략과 어머니의 반응 전략 간에는 유의미한 정적 상관관계가 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. 곽금주, 김민화, 한은주(2005). 영아의 정서조절 전략과 어머니의 반응유형 간의 관련성. 아동학회지, 26(6), 173-187.
  2. 권 진(2008). 걸음마기 유아의 정서조절 : 어머니의 가용성, 정서조절 전략을 중심으로. 이화여자대학교 석사학위 논문.
  3. 노지연, 정윤경(2010). 자녀의 부정적 정서에 대한 어머니 반응에 따른 아동의 정서표현 양가성과 정서표현신념. 한국심리학회지 발달, 23(2), 57-71
  4. 박서정(2004). 어머니의 정서사회화 행동과 학령기 아동의 정서조절 전략 및 정서조절 능력 간의 관계. 성균관대학교 박사학위 논문.
  5. 박유미(2008). 걸음마기 영아의 정서 조절 : 연령, 애착, 행동 억제의 관계를 중심으로. 이화여자대학교 석사학위 논문.
  6. 배주희(2011). 유아의 기질과 부정적 정서표현에 대한 어머니의 반응이 유아의 정서조절전략에 미치는 영향. 이화여자대학교 석사학위 논문.
  7. 송혜선(2005). 좌절상황에서의 걸음마기 유아의 정서조절 : 어머니 상호작용의 중재효과. 이화여자대학교 석사학위 논문.
  8. 안라리(2005). 만 5세 남녀 유아의 사회적 능력과 정서조절 전략. 이화여자대학교 박사학위 논문.
  9. 이정수(2011). 유아 및 교사변수가 유아의 정서조절 전략에 미치는 영향에 대한 다층자료 분석. 덕성여자대학교 박사학위 논문.
  10. 임희수(2001). 아동의 기질, 어머니의 정서조절 및 양육행동과 아동의 정서조절간의 관계. 이화여자대학교 박사학위 논문.
  11. 정은주(2005). 유아의 행동적.정서적 자기조절능력에 영향을 미치는 변인 연구. 서울여자대학교 박사학위 논문.
  12. 지경진(2004). 실험자 변수에 따른 유아의 정서 표현 및 정서 조절 전략. 서울대학교 석사 학위논문.
  13. Baird, J. A., & Moses, L. J. (2001). Do preschoolers appreciate that identical actions may be motivated by different intentions? Journal of Cognition and Development, 2, 413-448. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327647JCD0204_4
  14. Calkins, S. D., & Johnson, M. C. (1998). Toddler regulation of distress to frustrating events: Temperamental and maternal correlates. Infants Behavior & Development, 21(3), 379-395.
  15. Calkins, S. D., Gill. K. L., Johnson, M. C., & Smith, C. L. (1999). Emotion reactivity and emotion regulation strategies and predictors of social behavior with peers during toddlerhood. Social Development, 8(3), 310-334.
  16. Cole, P. M., Dennis, T. A., Smith-Simon, K. E., & Cohen, L. H. (2009). Preschoolers' emotion regulation strategy understanding: Relations with emotion socialization and child self-regulation. Social Development, 18(2), 324-352. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00503.x
  17. Cole, P. M., Michel, M. K., & Teti, L. O. (1994). The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation: A clinical perspective. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(2-3), 240, 73-100.
  18. Cournoyer, M., & Trudel, M. (1991). Behavioral correlates of self-control at 33 months. Infant Behavior and Development, 14, 497-503. https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-6383(91)90036-R
  19. Denham (2006). Social-Emotion competence ad support for school readiness: What is it and how do we assess It?. Early Education and Development, 17(1), 57-89. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15566935eed1701_4
  20. Denham, S. A. (1997). 'When I have a bad dream mommy holds me': preschoolers' conceptions of emotions, parental socialization, and emotional competence. International Journal of Behavior Development, 20, 301-319. https://doi.org/10.1080/016502597385351
  21. Denham, S. A. (1998). Emotion Development in Young Children. New York: Guilford Press.
  22. Denham, S. A., Caverly, S., Schmidt, M., Blair, K., DeMulder, E., Caal, S., Hamada, H., & Mason, T. (2002). Preschool understanding of emotions: Contributions to classroom anger and aggressin. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 901-916. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00139
  23. Diener, M. L., & Mangelsdorf, S. C. (1999). Behavioral strategies for emotion regulation in toddlers: associations with maternal involvement and emotional expressions. Infant Behavior and Development, 22(4), 569-583. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-6383(00)00012-6
  24. Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A. (1994). Mother's reactions to children's negative emotions: Relations to children's temperament and anger behavior. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 40, 138-156.
  25. Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., & Murphy, B. C. (1996). Parents' reactions to children's negative emotions: relations to children's social competence and comforting behavior. Child Developmental, 67(5), 2227-2247. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131620
  26. Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Carlo, G., & Karbon, M. (1992). Emotion responsivity to other: Behavioral correlates and socialization antecedents. New Directions for Childs and Adolescent Development, 55, 57-73.
  27. Eisenberg, N., Liew, J., & Pidada, S. U. (2001). The relations of parental emotional expressivity with quality of Indonesian children's social functioning. Emotion, 1(2), 116-136. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.1.2.116
  28. Fabes, R. A., Poulin, R. E., Eisenberg, N., & Madden-Derdich, D. A. (2003). The coping with children's negative emotions scale (CCNES): Psychometric properties and relations with children's emotional competence. Marriage & Family Review, 34, 285-310.
  29. Grolnick, W. S., Bridges, L. J., & Connell, J. P. (1996). Emotion regulation in two-year-olds: strategies and emotional expression in four contexts. Child Developmental, 67(3), 929-941.
  30. Gurovich, N. (1999). Development and validation of a measure of individual differences in emotion regulation. http://www.jps.net/ngurovich/thesis.
  31. Harris, P. L. (1989). Children and emotion: The development of psychological understanding. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
  32. Henderson, H. A., Marshall, P. J., Fox, N. A., & Rubin, K. H. (2004). Psychological and behavioral evidence for varying forms and functions of nonsocial behavior in preschools. Child Developmental, 75(1), 251-263. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00667.x
  33. Kalpidou, M. D. (1997). The Development of behavior and emotional self-regulation during the preschool period. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. The Louisiana State University.
  34. Kochanska, G. (1994). Beyond cognitions: Expanding the search for early roots of internalization and conscience. Development Psychology, 30, 20-22. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.30.1.20
  35. Kopp, C. B. (1989). Regulation of distress and negative emotion: A development view. Development Psychology, 25, 343-354. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.25.3.343
  36. Krause, E. D., Mendelson, T., & Lynch, T. R. (2003). Childhood emotional invalidation and adult psychological distress: The mediating role of emotional inhibition, Child Abuse & Neglect, 27, 199-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00536-7
  37. Lemerise, E. A., & Arsenio, W. F. (2000). Av integrated model of emotion processes and cognition in social information processing. Child Developmental, 71, 107-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00124
  38. Leslie, A. M. (1994). Pretending and believing: Issues in the theory of ToMM. Cognition, 50, 211-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(94)90029-9
  39. Mangelsdorf, S. C., Shapiro, J. R., & Marzolf, D. (1995). Developmental and temperamental differences in emotion regulation in infancy. Child Developmental, 66, 1817-1828. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131912
  40. McCoy, C. L., & Masters, J. C. (1985). The development of children's strategies for the social control of emotion. Child Developmental, 56, 1214-1222. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130236
  41. Raikes, H. A., & Thompson, R. A. (2006). Family emotional climate attachment security and young children's emotion knowledge in a high risk sample. British Journal of Development Psychology, 24, 89-104. https://doi.org/10.1348/026151005X70427
  42. Rydell, A., Berlin, L., & Bohlin, G. (2003). Emotionality, emotion to regulation, and adaptation among 5-to 8-years-old children. Emotion, 3, 30-47. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.3.1.30
  43. Shaffer, D. R. (2000). Social & Personality development (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
  44. Shelids, A., & Cicchetti, D. (2001). Parental maltreatment and emotion dysregulation as risk factors for bullying and victimization in middle childhood. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30, 349-363. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP3003_7
  45. Stansbury, K., & Sigman, M. (2000). Responses of preschoolers in two frustrating episodes: emergence of complex strategies for emotion regulation. The Journal of Genetic Psychology; 161(2), 182-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221320009596705
  46. Thompsom, R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition. In N. Fox (Ed.), The development of emotion regulation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child development, 59(2-3, Serial No. 240), 25-52.
  47. Wellman, H. M., Cross, D., & Watson, J. (2001). Meta-analysis of theory-of-mind development: The truth about false belife. Child Developmental, 72, 655-684. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00304
  48. Westen, D. (1994). Toward an integrative model of regulation: Applications to social-psychological research. Journal of Personality, 62, 641-647. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1994.tb00312.x