DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Fermentation Characteristics of Ice Wines Prepared with Freeze-dried Muscat Bailey A Grapes

동결건조 Muscat Bailey A 포도로 만든 아이스와인의 발효 특성

  • 전은정 (씨제이 제일제당 식품연구소) ;
  • 김재식 (경북대학교포도마을주식회사)
  • Received : 2014.01.03
  • Accepted : 2014.01.18
  • Published : 2014.04.30

Abstract

The fermentation characteristics of ice wines made from freeze-dried Muscat Bailey A grapes were determined. Muscat Bailey A grapes were concentrated to 34.8 and $40.8^{\circ}Bx$ by freeze drying and were then fermented. The content of reducing sugar was 0.3% in conventional wine after fermentation, but was 21.5 and 23.9% in ice wines at 34 and $40^{\circ}Bx$, respectively. The content of alcohol was 9.6% in conventional wine but was 10.3 and 10.6% in ice wines at 34 and $40^{\circ}Bx$, respectively. It was observed that the red and violet colors of ice wines at 34 and $40^{\circ}Bx$ became dominant compared to the controls. In sensory evaluation studies, ice wines at 34 and $40^{\circ}Bx$ showed higher intensities in color, flavor, and overall preference.

국내산 포도주의 품질 개선을 위한 발효 방법으로 국내산 포도 Muscat Bailey A를 동결건조기를 이용하여 인공적으로 당분을 농축시키고 이를 발효하여 아이스와인을 제조하였으며 시중 아이스와인과 같이 환원당이 많이 잔존하면서 알코올 도수는 $10{\pm}5%$ 내외로 발효를 종료해 일반적으로 제조한 포도주와 비교하여 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 일반적 아이스와인 기준과 유사한 포도즙(must) 당도 $34.8^{\circ}Bx$와, 보당에 따른 포도주 발효에서 정상 발효될 수 있는 한계점으로 생각된 포도즙 당도 $40.8^{\circ}Bx$로 포도를 동결건조한 후 포도주를 제조하였으며, 포도주 발효 과정 중에 발효특성을 알코올, 당도, 환원당 함량과 pH, 총산, 효모생균수, 포도주 생산량을 측정해 보았는데, ice wine $34^{\circ}Bx$와 ice wine $40^{\circ}Bx$는 농축된 당, 산으로 인해 발효가 종료되었을 때 잔존하는 환원당은 대조구가 0.3%인 반면 ice wine $34^{\circ}Bx$와 ice wine $40^{\circ}Bx$는 각각 21.5%와 23.9%를 나타내었다. 또한 알코올 함량은 대조구 9.6%에 비해 각각 10.3%와 10.6%를 나타냈으며, 총산 함량이 높았고 정상발효가 일어났음을 확인할 수 있었다. 유리당, 유기산 조성을 보아도 아이스와인의 경우가 발효전후에 함량이 높게 나왔으며, 총 페놀함량도 468 mg/L인 대조구와 비교하여 ice wine $34^{\circ}Bx$와 ice wine $40^{\circ}Bx$는 각각 1,304, 1,350 mg/L로 높아 건강기능적인 측면에서도 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 메탄올, 알데히드함량은 식품공전의 기준치를 넘지 않았으며, 농축되어 진한 색을 띈 ice wine $34^{\circ}Bx$와 ice wine $40^{\circ}Bx$는 520 nm 흡광도에서 높았으며, 이는 색도 L, a, b 값을 통해서도 확인하였다. 시중 판매되는 레드 아이스와인인 Pinot Noir ice wine과 sweet wine인 Concord 품종 와인을 포함하여 5가지 포도주의 색, 향, 단맛, 종합적 기호도를 조사한 결과 환원당이 가장 높은 Pinot Noir ice wine이 단맛에서 강도가 가장 높았고, ice wine $34^{\circ}Bx$와 ice wine $40^{\circ}Bx$가 색, 향, 종합적 기호도에서 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 전체적인 기호도에서는 색, 향이 우수하면서도 적당한 단맛을 가진 ice wine $34^{\circ}Bx$가 가장 우수한 기호도를 보였다.

Keywords

References

  1. McGovern PE, Glisker DL, Exner LJ, Voigt MM. Neolithic originated wine. Nature 381: 480-481 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1038/381480a0
  2. Renaud S, de Lorgeril M. Wine, alcohol, platetets, and the French paradox for coronary heart disease. Lancet 339: 1523-1526 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(92)91277-F
  3. Kinella JE, Franke E, German B, and Kanner J. Possible mechanisms for the protective role of antioxidants in wine and plant foods. Food Technol. 47: 85-91 (1993)
  4. Kanner J, Frankel E, Granit R, German B, Kinsella JE. Natural antioxidants in grape and wines. J. Agric. Food Chem. 42: 64-69 (1995)
  5. KMAF. Agricultural and Forestry Statistical Yearbook. Korean Ministry of Agricultural and Forestry. Seoul, Korea (2001)
  6. Korea Alcohol Liquor Industry Association. Alcohol Beverage News. March, Seoul, Korea. pp. 11-12 (2001)
  7. IWSR. Current trends in the international wine and spirits market and outlook to 2008. IWSR report. Seoul, Korea. pp. 1-202 (2005)
  8. Park WM, Park HG, Rhee SJ, Kang KI, Lee CH, Yoon KE. Properties of wine from domestic grape, Vitis labrusca cultivar. Campbell's Early, fermented by carbonic maceration vinification Process. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 36: 773-778 (2004)
  9. Lee JK, Kim JS. Study on the deacidification of wine made from Campbell Early. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 38: 408-413 (2006)
  10. Kim JS, Sim JY, Yook C. Development of red wine using domestic grapes, Campbell Early. Part (I)-Characteristic of red wine fermentation using Campbell Early and different sugars. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 33: 319-326 (2001)
  11. Lee SY, Kang HA, Chang YI, Chang KS. The changes of physicochemical composition of wine by reverse osmosis system. Food Eng. Prog. 3: 1-7 (1999)
  12. Moon YJ, Lee MS, Sung CK. The fermentation properties of red wine using active dry yeast strains. Korean J. Food Nutr. 17: 450-457 (2004)
  13. Yoo JY, Seog HM, Shin DH, and Min BY. Enological characteristics of Korean grape and quality evaluation of their wine. Korean J. Appl. Microbiol. Bioeng. 12: 185-190 (1984)
  14. Bang JS, Jun JH. A study on wine preference by wine consumer classification. Korean J. Culinary Res. 11: 1-16 (2005)
  15. Chamberlain G, Husnik J, Subden RE. Freeze-desiccation survival in wild yeasts in the bloom of ice wine grapes. Food Res. Int. 30: 435-439 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(97)00070-7
  16. Fennema OR, Powrie W. Fundamentals of low temperature food preservation. Adv. Food Res. 13: 219-347 (1964) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2628(08)60102-0
  17. Fennema OR. Effect of processing on nutritive values of food : freezing. In Handbook of the nutritive value of processed food. ed. Rechaigl R. Vol. 1. CRC Press. Boca Raton. FL. USA (1982)
  18. Vintners Quality Alliance Act (VQA) Vintners Quality Alliance Act. Ontario Regulation. Ontario, USA pp. 406-410 (1999)
  19. Fennema OR, Powrie WD, Marth EH. Low Temperature Preservation of Foods and Living Matter. Marcel Dekker, New York, USA pp. 359-385 (2005)
  20. Subden RE, Husnik JI, Twest R, Merwe G, Vuuren HJJ. Autochthonous microbial population in a Niagara Peninsula ice wine must. Food Res. Int. 36: 747-751 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(03)00034-6
  21. Pigeau GM, Inglis DL. Up-regulation of ALD3 and GPD1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during ice wine fermentation. J. Appl. Microbiol. 99: 112-125 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02577.x
  22. Chauvet S, Sudraud P, Jouan T. La cryoextraction selective des mouts. Rev. Oenologues 39: 17-22 (2005)
  23. National Tax Service Technical Service Institute. Alcoholic Beverage Analysis Rule. Sejung Pub. Co., Seoul, Korea. pp. 196-197 (1975)
  24. Chae SK, Kang KS, Ma SJ, Bang KU, Oh MH. Food Analysis. Gomun, Seoul, Korea. pp. 99-102 (1999)
  25. Auw, JM, Blanco V, O'keefe FO, Sims CA. Effect of processing on the phenolics and color of Cabernet sauvignon, chambourcin, and noble wines and juices. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 47: 279-286 (1996)
  26. Kim GH. Studies on quality maintenance of fresh fruit and vegetable using modified atmosphere packaging. Korean J. Post. Sci. Tech. 5: 23-28 (1998)
  27. Kim KO, Kim SS, Sung NK, Lee YC. Sensory Evaluation Method and Application. Shingwang Pub. Co., Seoul, Korea. pp. 54-94 (1993)
  28. Choi HJ, Lee CW. Statistical Analysis Using SAS Program. Parkyung Pub. Co., Seoul, Korea. pp. 250-337 (1998)
  29. Greenfield PF. Cyclic-pressure freeze drying. Chem. Eng. Sci. 29: 2115-2123 (1974) https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(74)80225-3
  30. Gentzler GL, Schmidt FW. Thermodynamic properties of various water relative to freeze-drying. T. ASABE 16: 179-182 (1973)
  31. Jackisch P. Modern Wine Making. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, USA. pp. 164-165 (1985)
  32. American Wine Society. The complete handbook of wine making. Kent Inc., MI, USA. pp. 87-93 (1999)
  33. Lee JE, Shin YS, Sim JK, Kim SS, Koh KH. Study on the color characteristic of Korean red wine. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 34: 164-169 (2002)
  34. Bae SM. Wine Making Principle. Bae Sang Myun Brewery Institute Co., Seoul, Korea. pp. 49-68 (2002)
  35. Kim JS, Kim SH, Han JS. Effects of sugar and yeast Addition on red wine fermentation using Campbell Early. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 31: 516-521 (1999)
  36. Koh KH, Chang WY. Changes of chemical components during Seibel white grape must fermentation by different yeast strains. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 30: 487-493 (1998)
  37. Lee YS, Kim SK, Kim SD, Park JC. Changes in free sugar content of Campbell Early grapes as influenced by cropping system. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 39: 417-422 (1998)
  38. Amerin MA, Roessler EB, Ough CS. Acid and the acid taste. I. The effect of pH and titrable acidity. Am. J. Enol. Victic. 16: 29-37 (1965)
  39. Baldy MW. The University Wine Course. The Wine Appreciation Guild. CA, USA. pp. 139-140 (1997)
  40. Rodriguez Vaquero MJ. Antibacterial effect of phenolic compounds from different wines, Food Control 18: 93-101 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.08.010
  41. Fremont L. Biological effects of resveratrol. Life Sci. 66: 663-673 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00410-5
  42. Singleton VL, Esau P. Phenolic substances in grapes and wine, and their significance. Adv. Food Res. 1: 1-282 (1969).
  43. Zoecklein BW, Fugelsang KC, Gump BH, Nury FS. Production Wine Analysis. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, USA pp. 129-168 (1990)

Cited by

  1. Quality Characteristics and Volatile Flavor Compounds of Oriental Melon Wine Using Freeze Concentration vol.44, pp.9, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2015.44.9.1347
  2. Quality characteristics of Nabak kimchi with freeze-dried ingredientsduring storage vol.23, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2016.23.2.145