DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Components of wind -tunnel analysis using force balance test data

  • Ho, T.C. Eric (The Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Laboratory, The University Of Western Ontario) ;
  • Jeong, Un Yong (Gradient Wind Engineering Inc.) ;
  • Case, Peter (Gradient Wind Engineering Inc.)
  • 투고 : 2010.07.27
  • 심사 : 2013.01.27
  • 발행 : 2014.04.25

초록

Since its development in the early 1980's the force balance technique has become a standard method in the efficient determination of structural loads and responses. Its usefulness lies in the simplicity of the physical model, the relatively short records required from the wind tunnel testing and its versatility in the use of the data for different sets of dynamic properties. Its major advantage has been the ability to provide results in a timely manner, assisting the structural engineer to fine-tune their building at an early stage of the structural development. The analysis of the wind tunnel data has evolved from the simple un-coupled system to sophisticated methods that include the correction for non-linear mode shapes, the handling of complex geometry and the handling of simultaneous measurements on multiple force balances for a building group. This paper will review some of the components in the force balance data analysis both in historical perspective and in its current advancement. The basic formulation of the force balance methodology in both frequency and time domains will be presented. This includes all coupling effects and allows the determination of the resultant quantities such as resultant accelerations, as well as various load effects that generally were not considered in earlier force balance analyses. Using a building model test carried out in the wind tunnel as an example case study, the effects of various simplifications and omissions are discussed.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. American Society of Civil Engineers (2010), Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures, ASCE Standard ASCE/SEI 7-10.
  2. Boggs, D.W. and Peterka, J.A. (1989), "Aerodynamic model tests of tall buildings", J. Eng. Mech. -ASCE, 115(3), 618-635. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1989)115:3(618)
  3. Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Laboratory (2007), Wind tunnel testing: a general outline.
  4. Chen, X. and Kareem, A. (2005), "Coupled dynamic analysis and equivalent static wind loads on buildings with three-dimensional modes", J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE, 131(7), 1071-1082. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:7(1071)
  5. Der Kiureghian, A. (1980), "Structural response to stationary excitation", J. Eng. Mech. -ASCE, 106(6), 1195-1213.
  6. Holmes, J.D. (1987), "Mode shape corrections for dynamic response to wind", Eng. Struct., 9, 210-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(87)90017-4
  7. Holmes, J.D., Rofail, A. and Aurelius, L. (2003), "High-frequency base balance methodologies for tall buildings with torsional and coupled resonant modes", Proceedings of the 11th Int. Conf. on Wind Eng., Copenhagen, Denmark.
  8. Irwin, P., Garber, J and Ho, E. (2005), "Integration of wind tunnel data with full scale wind climate", Proceedings of the 10th Americas Conference on Wind Engineering, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, May 31 - June 4.
  9. Irwin, P.A. and Xie, J. (1993), "Wind loading and serviceability of tall buildings in tropical cyclone regions", Proceedings of the 3rd Asia-Pacific Symp. on Wind Eng., Univ. of Hong Kong.
  10. Isyumov, N. (1993), "Criteria for acceptable wind-induced motions of tall buildings", Proceedings of the International Conference on Tall Buildings, Council of Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, Rio de Janeiro. May 17-19.
  11. Isyumov, N. (2002), Private communications.
  12. Lieblein, J. (1974), Efficient methods of extreme-value methodology, Report NBSIR 74-602, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
  13. Standards Australia / Standards New Zealand (2011), Australia / New Zealand Standard, Structural design actions - Wind actions. Part 2. AS/NZS 1170.2:2011.
  14. Tschanz, T. (1982), The base balance measurement technique and application to dynamic wind loading of structures, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Western Ontario, Faculty of Engineering Science, London, Ontario.
  15. Xie, J. and Irwin, P.A. (1998), "Application of the force balance technique to a building complex", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 77-78, 579-590. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(98)00174-3
  16. Xu, Y.L. and Kwok, K.C.S. (1993), "Mode shape corrections for wind tunnel tests of tall buildings", Eng. Struct., 15, 618-635.
  17. Vickery, B.J., Undated Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Laboratory notes.
  18. Vickery, P.J., Steckley, A., Isyumov, N. and Vickery, B.J. (1985), "The effect of mode shape on the wind-induced response of tall buildings", Proceedings of the 5th US Nat. Conf. on Wind Eng., Lubbock, Texas, 1B/41-48.
  19. Yip, D.Y.N. and Flay, R.G.J. (1995), "A new force balance data analysis method for wind response predictions of tall buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 54-55, 457-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(94)00059-M