DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Behavioral Patterns of Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) under Semi-Natural Conditions

반자연적 사육 상태에서의 여우 행동 패턴

  • Lee, Hwa-Jin (Species Restoration Technology Institute, Korea National Park Service) ;
  • Lee, Bae-Keun (Species Restoration Technology Institute, Korea National Park Service) ;
  • Kim, Young-Chae (Species Restoration Technology Institute, Korea National Park Service) ;
  • Kim, Sung-Chul (Species Restoration Technology Institute, Korea National Park Service) ;
  • Kwon, Yong-Ho (Species Restoration Technology Institute, Korea National Park Service) ;
  • Kwon, Gu-Hee (Species Restoration Technology Institute, Korea National Park Service) ;
  • Chung, Chul-Un (Species Restoration Technology Institute, Korea National Park Service)
  • 이화진 (국립공원관리공단 종복원기술원) ;
  • 이배근 (국립공원관리공단 종복원기술원) ;
  • 김영채 (국립공원관리공단 종복원기술원) ;
  • 김성철 (국립공원관리공단 종복원기술원) ;
  • 권용호 (국립공원관리공단 종복원기술원) ;
  • 권구희 (국립공원관리공단 종복원기술원) ;
  • 정철운 (국립공원관리공단 종복원기술원)
  • Received : 2013.12.13
  • Accepted : 2014.03.08
  • Published : 2014.04.30

Abstract

The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is currently identified as a restoration target species, because it is listed as level 1 in the Korean National Park Service's endangered species list. The present research was conducted to investigate the basic behavioral patterns distribution of red foxes. For this study, red foxes under semi-natural conditions were observed and recorded from May 2012 to April 2013. The results revealed that the activities of the red foxes began at $16:59{\pm}01:20t$ and ended at an average time of $05:50{\pm}03:02t$. The males began and ended their activities earlier than their female counterparts. Among the seasonal activity durations, the longest activity duration was observed in summer with activity of 14 hours and 5 minutes, while the shortest activity duration was observed in winter with activity periods of 10 hours and 11 minutes. Generally, the red foxes exhibited a nocturnal behavioral pattern; the activity start time of the foxes was influenced by the sunset time. However, the activity end time showed no relationship with the sunrise time. The frequency of daily feeding activity ranged from one to eight times per day, with the males ($2.40{\pm}1.66$) exhibiting higher frequency than their female counterparts ($1.87{\pm}1.24$). The feeding activity peaked in November (average, 3.52 times per day) and was lowest in January (average, 1.28 times per day). Both males and females engaged in daily drinking activity (average, $2.03{\pm}1.296$ times per day). Thus, the increase in the frequency of the feeding activity is related to increase in the frequency of the drinking activity. Although the present research was conducted under semi-natural condition, the findings will be useful for the daily specification management of the species, monitoring of the released foxes, and habitat management based on the behavioral characteristics of the species.

여우는 멸종위기 1급으로 현재 국립공원관리공단에서 복원사업을 추진 중에 있다. 본 연구는 여우의 기본적인 행동패턴을 파악하기 위하여 종복원기술원 중부복원센터에서 관리중인 개체들을 대상으로 2012년 5월부터 2013년 4월까지 수행하였다. 연구결과 여우의 활동 개시 시각은 평균 $16:59{\pm}01:20t$, 활동 종료 시각은 평균 $05:50{\pm}03:02t$으로 나타났으며, 수컷이 암컷보다 활동 개시 시각과 종료 시각이 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 계절별 활동 시간은 여름이 14시간 5분으로 가장 길었으며, 겨울이 10시간 11분으로 가장 짧았다. 여우의 활동은 주로 야간에 이루어졌으며, 활동 개시 시각은 일몰 시각에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 활동 종료 시각은 일출 시각과 유의적인 관계가 확인되지 않았다. 일일 채식활동 횟수는 최소 1회에서 최대 8회로, 수컷($2.40{\pm}1.66$)이 암컷($1.87{\pm}1.24$)보다 많았으며, 11월이 3.52회로 가장 높고 1월이 1.28회로 가장 낮았다. 일일 음수활동 횟수는 평균 $2.03{\pm}1.296$회로, 암컷과 수컷간의 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, 채식활동 빈도가 증가할수록 음수활동 빈도도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 비록 사육 상태의 개체로 이루어 졌지만, 사육 개체의 일일 사양관리, 방사 개체의 모니터링과 행동특성에 따른 서식지 관리에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ables, E.(1969) Activity studies of red foxes in Southern Wisconsin. The Journal of Wildlife Management 33(1): 145-153. https://doi.org/10.2307/3799662
  2. Ables, E.(1975) Ecology of the Red Fox in North America. In: M.W. Fox(ed.), The Wild Canids: Their Systematics, Behavioral Ecology and Evolution. Dogwise Publishing, New York, U.S.A., pp. 216-236.
  3. Bubela, T.M., D.C.D. Happold and L.S. Broome(1991) Home range and activity of the broad-toothed rat, Mastacomys fuscus, in Subalpine heathland. Wildlife Research 18: 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR9910039
  4. Geffen, E. and D.W. Macdonald(1993) Activity and movement patterns of Blanford's foxes. J. Mammal 74: 455-63. https://doi.org/10.2307/1382402
  5. Jeong, D.H., B.K. Lee, J.J. Yang, J.S. Park, E.H. Suh, Y.K. Kim, H.C. Lee, H.J. Lee and S.C. Yeon(2009) Behavioural analysis of Asiatic bear in limited space. Journal of Veterinany Clinics 26(3): 246-254.
  6. Lee, H.J., B.K. Lee, G.H. Kwon and C.U. Chung(2013) Release strategy for the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) restoration project in Korea based on population viability analysis. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 27(4): 417-428. (in Korean with English abstract)
  7. Macdonald, D.W.(1976) Food caching by red foxes and some other carnivores. Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie 42: 170-185.
  8. Rogers, L.L.(1987) Effects of food supply and kinshipon social behavior, movements and population growth of black bears in northeastern Minnesota. Wild Monogr 97: 1-72.
  9. Servin, F., J.R. Rau and M. Delibes(1991) Activity pattern of the red fox Vulpes vulpes in Donana, SW Spain. Acta Theriologica 36(3-4): 369-373. https://doi.org/10.4098/AT.arch.91-39
  10. Yoon, M.H. and C.W. Han(2006) A study on daily torpor in the Korean striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius). Journal of Life Science 21(3): 406-411. (in Korean with English abstract)
  11. Zimen, E.(1984) Long range movements of the red fox, Vulpes vulpes L. Acta Zoologica Fennica 171: 267-270.