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Properties of Components for the Dapogye of Hipped and Gable Roof Wooden Buildings

합각지붕 사찰 주불전의 규모에 따른 기둥 및 처마부 관계분석 연구

  • Go, Jung-Ju (Divisin of Architecture, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Jeong-Soo (Divisin of Architecture, Chungnam National University)
  • Received : 2014.01.16
  • Accepted : 2014.05.08
  • Published : 2014.05.31

Abstract

This study has its purposes on analyzing specific features of the elements according to scales of 32 main buddhist sancta among wooden temples with gable roof that are nationally designated as cultural assets, and analyzing influences and proportional relations between main and submaterials, so that it could be basic and objective data for restore and repair cultural assets in the future. Results of the study are following. First of all, the average plane proportion of doritong (facade) and yangtong (side) in 3-room building is about 1.31:1, while it is 1.70:1 in 5-room building. Secondly, as a result of analyzing the locational proportion and thickness of pillars at each location, floor room turned out to have wider space between pillars than that of edge room or side room in both cases of 3 and 5-room buildings. In the mean time, for the average thickness of the pillars in 3-room building, it was 491mm for corner pillars, 433mm for general pillars in cases of 3-room building, while it was 595 and 511mm respectively in cases of 5-room building. The reason why corner pillars are 60~80mm thicker than general ones in average, is determined to considered structural stability and optical illusion. For the third, as a result of analyzing the influences on pillar thickness, eaves projection and eaves height according to the scale(dimension) of buildings, 3-room buildings have outstanding correlation as its scale(dimension) goes bigger, while 5-room ones are not very much influenced by its scale(dimension). For the fourth, as a result of the relation between pillars and eaves, both of 3 and 5-room buildings have longer-projected and higher eaves as their pillars go taller; especially height of eaves turns out to have very close relation between length of pillars. In addition to that, both of 3 and 5-room buildings have much projected eaves as the eaves go higher.

본 연구는 국가지정문화재로 지정된 목조건축물 중 합각지붕 형식을 가지고 있는 사찰의 주불전 32동을 대상으로 규모에 따라 규모별 구성요소의 구체적 특성을 분석하고, 주요 부재 상호간 미치는 영향이나 비례관계 등을 분석하여 향후 문화재 복원 및 보수를 위한 객관적인 기초자료를 제공하는데 목적으로 하고 있다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 평면비례는 3칸 건축물에서 도리통(전면)과 양통(측면)의 평균비례는 1.31:1 정도이며, 5칸 건축물 평균비례는 1.70:1로 이루어져 있다. 둘째, 주칸비례 및 위치별 기둥 굵기를 분석한 결과, 3칸 및 5칸 건축물 모두 어칸이 퇴칸이나 협칸에 비해 주칸을 넓게 형성한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 3칸 건축물 평균 기둥 굵기는 귀기둥 491mm, 평주 433mm 정도이며, 5칸 건축물에서는 귀기둥 595mm, 평주 511mm 정도의 굵기로 분석되었다. 귀기둥 굵기가 평주보다 평균 60mm~80mm정도 굵게 이루어진 것은 구조적인 안정성과 착시현상을 고려한 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 건물규모(면적)에 따른 기둥 굵기, 처마 내밀기, 차마높이에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 3칸 건축물에서는 건물규모(면적)가 큰 건물일수록 크게 나타나는 상관관계를 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 5칸 건축물에서는 건물규모(면적)에 크게 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 넷째, 기둥과 처마와의 관계 분석 결과, 3칸 건축물과 5칸 건축물에서 모두 기둥 길이가 긴 건물일수록 처마높이와 처마 내밀기를 크게 둔 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 처마높이는 기둥 길이와 아주 밀접한 상관관계를 가지고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 3칸 건축물과 5칸 건축물에서 모두 처마 내밀기가 큰 건물일수록 처마높이도 높게 형성된 것으로 분석되었다.

Keywords

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