Food Science and Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Nutritional components and antioxidant activities of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner flower and its wine

연화 및 연화주의 영양성분 및 항산화활성

  • Kwak, Woo-Sun (Seokjeon Sangon Traditional Brewery Agricultural Co) ;
  • Lee, Sun-Kyu (Seokjeon Sangon Traditional Brewery Agricultural Co) ;
  • Lee, Ki-Jin (Seokjeon Sangon Traditional Brewery Agricultural Co) ;
  • Kim, Kye-Hoon (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Kim, Hey-Ran (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Lee, Hyo-Ku (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Oh, Ji-Won (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Ok-Hwan (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University)
  • 곽우선 (영농조합법인 석전상온전통주가) ;
  • 이선규 (영농조합법인 석전상온전통주가) ;
  • 이기진 (영농조합법인 석전상온전통주가) ;
  • 김계훈 (공주대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 김혜란 (공주대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 이효구 (공주대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 오지원 (강원대학교 식품생명공학과) ;
  • 이옥환 (강원대학교 식품생명공학과)
  • Received : 2014.03.26
  • Accepted : 2014.05.19
  • Published : 2014.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional components and antioxidant activities of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner flower (lotus flower, LF) and its wine (lotus flower wine, LF wine). The moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, and carbohydrate contents of the LF were 85.90, 1.91, 0.30, 1.04, and 10.85%, respectively, and of the LF wine, 92.87, 1.70, 0.30, 0.15, and 5.17%, respectively. The total amino acids in the LF and the LF wine were 2,168 and 6,341 mg/kg, respectively. Palmitic acid (38.63%) was a major fatty acid in the crude fat of the LF, and oleic acid (76.24%) was a major fatty acid in the crude fat of the LF wine. The levels of potassium in the LF ($390.91{\pm}9.60mg/100g$) and the LF wine ($27.40{\pm}1.86mg/100g$) were higher than those of the other minerals. The total phenol and flavonoid contents of both the lotus flower water extract (LFW) and the lotus flower ethanol extract (LFE) were higher than those of the LF wine. In addition, the highest antioxidant activities and ORAC values were obtained from the LFW and the LFE. In conclusion, we found that the LF and the LF wine have potential as natural antioxidants due to their higher bioactive compound contents such as their total phenol and flavonoid contents.

본 연구는 연화 및 연화주에 대한 식품학적 기초자료를 제공하고자 연화 및 연화주의 영양성분, 항산화성분 및 다양한 모델에서의 항산화활성을 평가하였다. 연화 및 연화주의 수분함량은 각각 85.90 및 92.87%이었고, 조회분 함량은 1.04 및 0.15%, 조단백질 함량은 1.91 및 1.70%, 조지방 함량은 0.30 및 0.11%, 탄수화물 함량은 10.85 및 5.17%이었다. 연화 및 연화주의 총 아미노산 함량은 각각 2,168 및 6,341 mg/kg 이었고 필수 아미노산은 각각 485 및 2,246 mg/kg으로 전체 아미노산 함량의 약 26.0 및 35.4%이었다. 연화에는 fructose가 0.14 g/100 g 함유되어 있었고 연화주에는 glucose 1.85 g/100 g이 함유되어 있었으며 지방산 조성은 연화의 경우, palmitic acid(C16:0)가 약 38.63%로 가장 높았고, 연화주의 경우 oleic acid(C18:1n9c)가 약 76.24%의 비율로 가장 높았다. 무기질 함량은 연화(390 mg/100 g) 및 연화주(27.40 g/100 g)에서 모두 K이 가장 높았다. 유기산 함량은 연화에서 citric acid(2,222 mg/kg)가 가장 많았고, 연화주는 lactic acid(5,427.90 mg/kg)가 가장 많았다. 한편, 연화 에탄올 추출물 및 열수 추출물의 항산화활성은 연화주 동결건조물에 비해 높았으며 이는 총 페놀 함량의 결과와 유사한 경향을 나타냈다. ORAC value는 연화 에탄올 추출 및 열수 추출물에서 각각 $272.9{\pm}7.6$ 및 $275.3{\pm}2.6mM\;TE/g$을 나타낸 반면, 연화주 동결건조물에서는 $11.5{\pm}0.4mM\;TE/g$로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과로부터 연화 추출물은 다양한 항산화 평가모델에서 항산화 활성을 나타내었으며 전통방식에 의해 제조된 연화주의 항산화 활성은 연화에 함유된 일부 항산화 성분의 침출에 기인된 것으로 사료되며, 연화추출물 및 연화주는 체내 산화적 스트레스 저감에 일부 도움을 줄 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Park SK, Chang MS, Kim HM, Yang WM, Kim DR, Park EH, Ko EB, Choi MJ, Kim HY, Oh JH, Shim KJ, Yoon JW (2007) Inhibitory effects of Nelumbo nucifera on tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in Clone M-3 melanocyte cells. Kor J Herbol, 22, 87-94
  2. Kim MS, Park YJ, Sohn YW (2010) Antioxidative effect and melanogenesis of Nelumbo nucifera stamen extract on cultured Human skin melanoma cells injured by hydrogen peroxide. Korean J Plant Res, 23, 145-150
  3. Seo YM, Park YJ, Choi YS (2009) Study on the protective effect of Nelumbo nucifera GAERTN extract on cultured cerebral neuroglial cells damaged by hexavalent chromium. Flower Res J, 17, 242-245
  4. Oh YL (2010) Effect of flower extract on antioxidative of cultured C6 glioma cells damaged by glucose oxidase of reactive oxygen species in Nelumbo nucifera. J Kor Soc People Plants Environ, 13, 17-24
  5. Chang MS, Ko EB, Lee HJ, Kim JS, Kim JS, Jee SW, Kim HY, Yeom MH, Kim DH, Kim HK, Park SK (2011) The effects of Nelumbo nucifera on utraviolet-B irradiated human keratinocytes. Kor J Herbol, 26, 45-49
  6. Lee KS, Kim MG, Lee KY (2006) Antioxidative activity of ethanol extract from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaf. J Kor Soc Food Sci Nutr, 35, 182-186 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.2.182
  7. Park SY, Hwang TY, Kim JH, Moon KD (2001) Quality changes of minimally processed lotus root (Nelumbo nucifera) with browing inhibitors. Korean J Postharvest Sci Technol, 8, 164-168
  8. Peng Q, Wei Z, Lau BH (1998) Fructus corni enhances endotherial cell antioxidant defenses. Gen Pharmacol, 31, 221-225 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-3623(97)00459-X
  9. Yu SY, Lee YJ, Kang SN, Lee SK, Jang JY, Lee HK, Lim JH, Lee OH (2013) Analysis of food components of Carthamus Tinctorius L. seed and its antimicrobial activity. Korean J Food Preserv, 20, 227-233 https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2013.20.2.227
  10. Kwak WS (2013) Prepararion method of traditional wine prepared with lotus flower. Korea Patent No 10-2013-0045653
  11. AOAC(1990) Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, p 40-64
  12. Waters (1993) AccQ-Tag Amino acid Analysis System. Operator's Manual
  13. Korea Food and Drug Administration (2003) Test method in general 1 Food Code(separate volume)
  14. AOAC(1995) Official Methods of Analysis. 16th ed, The Scientific Association Dedicated to Analytical Excellence. Washington DC, p 11-15
  15. AOAC(1995) Official Methods of Analysis. 16th ed, The Scientific Association Dedicated to Analytical Excellence. Washington DC, p 71-73
  16. Park WM, Kang DS, Bae TJ (2014) Studies on organic acid, vitamin and free sugar contents of commercial dried lavers (Porphyra yezoensis) cultivated in Korea. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr, 43, 172-177 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.1.172
  17. Duval B, Shetty K (2001) The stimulation of phenolics and antioxidant activity in pea (Pisum sativum) elicited by genetically transformed anise root extract. J Food Biochem, 25, 361-377 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.2001.tb00746.x
  18. Moreno MI, Isla MI, Sampietro AR, Vattuone MA. (2000) Comparison of the free radical-scavenging activity of propolis from several regions of Argentina. J Ethnopharmacol, 71, 109-114 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00189-0
  19. Stagos D, Portesis N, Spanou C, Mossialos D, Aligiannis N, Chaita E, Panagoulis C, Reri E, Skaltsounis L, Tsatsakis AM, Kouretas D (2012) Correlation of total polyphenolic content with antioxidant and antibacterial activity of 24 extracts from Greek domestic lamiaceae species. Food Chem Toxicol, 50, 4115-4124 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.033
  20. Custodio L, Ferreira AC, Pereira H, Silvestre L, Vizetto-Duarte C, Barreira L, Varela (2012) The marine halophytes Carpobrotus edulis L. and Arthrocnemum macrostachyum L. are potential sources of nutritionally important PUFAs and metabolites with antioxidant, metal chelating and anticholinesterase inhibitory activities. J Bot Mar, 55, 281-288
  21. Biglari F, AlKarkhi AF, Easa AM (2008) Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of various date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruits from Iran. Food Chem, 107, 1636-1641 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.10.033
  22. Jayaprakasha GK, Singh RP, Sakariah KK (2001) Antioxidant activity of grape seed (Vitis vinifera) extracts on peroxidation models in vitro. Food Chem, 73, 285-290 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00298-3
  23. Yun JS, Pahk JW, Lee JS, Shin WC, Lee SY, Hong EK (2011) Inonotus obliquus protects against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and premature senescence. Mol Cells, 31, 423-429 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10059-011-0256-7
  24. Im MH. (2011) Growth characteristics and major nutrient component of white lotus cultivated in Muan. Ph.D thesis, Mokpo University, Mokpo, Korea, 1-81
  25. Lee JY, Yu MR, An BJ (2010) Comparison of biological activity between Nelumbo nucifera G. extracts and cosmetics adding Nelumbo nucifera G. Life Sci, 20, 1241-1248 https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2010.20.8.1241
  26. Im MH, Park YS, Cho JY, Heo BG (2008) Assessment of the physiological activities of flower extracts from White Lotus. Korean J Community Living Sci, 19, 3-10
  27. Jeong CH, Choi SG, Heo HJ. 2008. Analysis of nutritional compositions and antioxidative activities of korean commercial blueberry and raspberry. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 37, 1375-1381. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.11.1375
  28. Feeney MJ (2004) Fruits and the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 31, 11-13 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04104.x

Cited by

  1. Effect of hot water and ethanol extracts from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner flower on lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells vol.22, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2015.22.5.744