DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

상수관망 압력기반 수리해석을 위한 모의 실험시설 기반 절점의 압력-유량 관계 분석

Experimental Analysis of Nodal Head-outflow Relationship Using a Model Water Supply Network for Pressure Driven Analysis of Water Distribution System

  • Chang, Dongeil (Technology Research & Development Institute, Daelim Industrial Co. Ltd.) ;
  • Kang, Kihoon (Technology Research & Development Institute, Daelim Industrial Co. Ltd.)
  • 투고 : 2014.01.06
  • 심사 : 2014.06.17
  • 발행 : 2014.06.30

초록

상수관망의 수리학적 거동을 해석함에 있어 현재까지 제안된 일반적인 방법은 유량기반 수리해석(Demand Driven Analysis, DDA)과 압력기반 수리해석(Pressure Driven Analysis, PDA)이다. DDA는 상수관망이 정상적으로 운영되는 상태에서 수리해석 결과를 빠르게 제시할 수 있으며, PDA는 관파괴 및 관내 저압력 상태시 DDA 방법으로는 모의할 수 없는 각 절점의 실질적인 공급가능유량을 제시할 수 있다. PDA 수행에 있어 우선적으로 각 절점에서 특정 압력마다 공급가능유량을 산정할 수 있는 관계식(Head-Outflow Relationship, HOR)을 결정해야 한다. 기존 연구들에서는 상수관망을 구성하는 각 절점에서 HOR이 다르고 각 절점의 HOR 검증을 위해서는 현장데이터의 실측이 필요하다고 지적하였다. 또한 다중 관파괴 상황과 같이 수리학적 조건이 변경된 상태에서 각 절점의 HOR 특성을 파악하기 위해서는 모든 절점에 모니터링 시스템이 구축되어 있어야 하는 제약조건이 있다. 본 연구는 실제 상수관망 형태의 모의 상수관망을 제작하여 상수관망의 정상상태 및 현장에서 측정이 어려운 비정상상태 운영조건을 시나리오별로 구성하고 각 조건 하에서 절점들의 압력 및 유량을 실시간으로 확인하였다. 또한 측정된 실험결과와 기존 HOR 관계식을 비교 평가하여 최소 오차 결과를 보이는 HOR을 제시하였으며, 특정 절점에서 다중 관파괴 발생시 HOR 특성을 파악하였다. 이로부터 관파괴 위치가 다르거나 다중 관파괴가 발생하더라도 특정 절점의 압력(수두) 저하에 따른 공급가능유량의 축소 현상은 본래 대상 절점이 가지고 있는 지수함수 형태인 고유한 HOR을 따라 감소하는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 실험을 통해 측정한 압력-유량 관계와 기존 HOR 식들을 비교한 결과 최소 오차를 보이는 지수함수 형태의 Wagner 등1)이 제안한 식을 최적의 HOR 관계식으로 제안하며, 해당 식의 지수 m은 3.0으로 적용할 것을 제안한다.

For the analysis of water supply network, demand-driven and pressure-driven analysis methods have been proposed. Of the two methods, demand-driven analysis (DDA) can only be used in a normal operation condition to evaluate hydraulic status of a pipe network. Under abnormal conditions, i.e., unexpected pipe destruction, or abnormal low pressure conditions, pressure-driven analysis (PDA) method should be used to estimate the suppliable flowrate at each node in a network. In order to carry out the pressure-driven analysis, head-outflow relationship (HOR), which estimates flowrate at a certain pressure at each node, should be first determined. Most previous studies empirically suggested that each node possesses its own characteristic head-outflow relationship, which, therefore, requires verification by using actual field data for proper application in PDA modeling. In this study, a model pipe network was constructed, and various operation scenarios of normal and abnormal conditions, which cannot be realized in real pipe networks, were established. Using the model network, data on pressure and flowrate at each node were obtained at each operation condition. Using the data obtained, previously proposed HOR equations were evaluated. In addition, head-outflow relationship at each node was analyzed especially under multiple pipe destruction events. By analyzing the experimental data obtained from the model network, it was found that flowrate reduction corresponding to a certain pressure drop (by pipe destruction at one or multiple points on the network) followed intrinsic head-outflow relationship of each node. By comparing the experimentally obtained head-outflow relationship with various HOR equations proposed by previous studies, the one proposed by Wagner et al. showed the best agreement with the exponential parameter, m of 3.0.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Wagner, J. M., Shamir, U. and Marks, D. H., "Water distribution reliability: simulation methods," J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 114(3), 276-294(1988). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1988)114:3(276)
  2. Germanopoulos, G., "A technical note on the inclusion of pressure dependent demand and leakage terms in water supply network models," Civil Eng. System, 2(3), 171-179(1985). https://doi.org/10.1080/02630258508970401
  3. Reddy, L. S. and Ellango, K., "Analysis of water distribution networks with head dependent outlets," Civil Eng. System, 6(3), 102-110(1989). https://doi.org/10.1080/02630258908970550
  4. Chandapillai, J., "Realistic simulation of water distribution," J. Trans. Eng., 117(2), 258-263(1991). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(1991)117:2(258)
  5. Fujiwara, O. and Ganesharajah, T., "Reliability assessment of water supply systems with storage and distribution networks," Water Resour. Res., 29(8), 2917-2924(1993). https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00857
  6. Gupta, R. and Brave, P. R., "Comparison of methods for predicting deficient network performance," J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 122(3), 214-217(1996). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1996)122:3(214)
  7. Udo, A. and Ozawa, T., "Steady-state flow analysis of pipe networks considering reduction of flow in the case of low water pressures," Water software systems: theory and applications, 1, Research Studies Press, Taunton, pp. 73-182(2001).
  8. Tanyimboh, T. T. and Templeman, A. B., "Seamless pressure deficient water distribution system model," J. Water Manage. ICE, 163(8), 389-396(2010). https://doi.org/10.1680/wama.900013
  9. Shirzad,, S. and Tabesh, M., "Study of Pressure-Discharge Relations in Water Distribution Networks Using Field Measurements," IWA World water congress and exhibition, Busan, Manuscript 8328(2012).
  10. Lee, S. M. and Hyun, I. H., "Analysis of water distribution networks considering correlation between pressure and water demand under low pressure conditions," J. Kor. Soc. Water Wastewater, 17(6), 880-886(2003).
  11. Baek, C. W., Jun, H. D. and Kim, J. H., "Development of HSPDA model for water distribution system under abnormal operating condition", J. Kor. Soc. Civ. Eng., 27(5), 475-488(2007).
  12. Lee, H. M., Yoo, D. G., Kim, D. Y., Kim, J. H., "Development and Application of Pressure Driven Analysis Model based on EPANET," J. Kor. Soc. Hazard Mitigat., 13(4), 121-129(2013). https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2013.13.4.121
  13. Ministry of Environment, Water supply facility standard management and maintenance, Korea(2010).
  14. Chin, D. A., "Water resources engineering," Prentice hall, Upper saddle river, New Jersey, USA.
  15. Mays, L. W. and Tung, Y. K., Hydrosystems engineering and management, McGraw-Hill.
  16. Ozger, S. S., "A semi-pressure-driven approach to reliability assessment of water distribution network," PH.D. Dissertation, Department of civil and environmental engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA(2003).

피인용 문헌

  1. An Application of the A-PDA Model For the Interconnected Operation Among Adjacent Blocks of Water Distribution Systems In Case of Emergency vol.18, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2018.18.2.231
  2. Development and Application of Advanced-Pressure Driven Analysis Model Considering Limited Reservoir vol.18, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2018.18.2.271
  3. A Development of Supply Performance Indicator in a Water Distribution System Using Fuzzy Sets and a PDA Model vol.18, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2018.18.2.289