Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Effects of Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng), urushiol (Rhus vernicifera Stokes), and probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052) on the gut-liver axis of alcoholic liver disease

  • Bang, Chang Seok (Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine) ;
  • Hong, So Hyung (Department of Molecular Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine) ;
  • Suk, Ki Tae (Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Jin Bong (Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine) ;
  • Han, Sang Hak (Department of Pathology, Hallym University College of Medicine) ;
  • Sung, Hotaik (Department of Biology, Stanford University) ;
  • Kim, Eun Ji (Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University) ;
  • Kim, Myoung Jo (College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Moon Young (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Baik, Soon Koo (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Dong Joon (Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine)
  • Received : 2014.04.04
  • Accepted : 2014.04.17
  • Published : 2014.07.15
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Abstract

Background: Roles of immune reaction and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) have widely been established in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Methods: We evaluated the biologic efficacy of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG), urushiol, and probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052) in mouse models of ALD. Sixty C57BL/6 mice were equally divided into six feeding groups for 10 weeks: normal diet, alcohol, control, alcohol + KRG, alcohol + urushiol, and alcohol + probiotics. Alcohol was administered via a LiebereDeCarli liquid diet containing 10% alcohol. TLR-4 expression, proinflammatory cytokines, and histology, as well as the results of liver function tests were evaluated and compared. Results: No between-group differences were observed with regard to liver function. TLR-4 levels were significantly lower in the KRG, urushiol, and probiotics groups than in the alcohol group ($0.37{\pm}0.06ng/mL$, $0.39{\pm}0.12ng/mL$, and $0.33{\pm}0.07ng/mL$, respectively, vs. $0.88{\pm}0.31ng/mL$; p < 0.05). Interleukin-$1{\beta}$ levels in liver tissues were decreased among the probiotics and KRG groups. The tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ level of liver tissue was decreased in the KRG group. Conclusion: The pathological findings showed that alcohol-induced steatosis was significantly reduced by KRG and urushiol. As these agents improve immunologic capacity, they may be considered in potential anti-ALD treatments.

Keywords

References

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