The Plant Pathology Journal

The Korean Society of Plant Pathology (한국식물병리학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Pear Skin Stain Caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola on Niitaka Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)

  • Nam, Ki-Woong (Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University) ;
  • Oh, Soh-Young (Research Institute of International Agriculture, Technology and Information, Hankyong National University) ;
  • Yoon, Deok-Hoon (Research Institute of International Agriculture, Technology and Information, Hankyong National University)
  • Received : 2014.04.16
  • Accepted : 2014.05.19
  • Published : 2014.09.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Pear skin stains on 'Niitaka' pears, which occur from the growing stage to the cold storage stage, reportedly negatively influence the marketing of pears. These stains on fruit skin are likely due to a pathogenic fungus that resides on the skin and is characterized by dark stains; however, the mycelium of this fungus does not penetrate into the sarcocarp and is only present on the cuticle layer of fruit skin. A pathogenic fungus was isolated from the skin lesions of infected fruits, and its pathogenicity was subsequently tested. According to the pathogenicity test, Mycosphaerella sp. was strongly pathogenic, while Penicillium spp. and Alternaria spp. showed modest pathogenicity. In this present study, we isolated the pathogenic fungus responsible for the symptoms of pears (i.e., dark brown-colored specks) and identified it as Mycosphaerella graminicola based on its morphological characteristics and the nucleotide sequence of the beta-tubulin gene. M. graminicola was pathogenic to the skin of 'Niitaka' pears, which are one of the most widely growing varieties of pears in South Korea.

Keywords

References

  1. Brown, J. K. M., Kema, G. H. J., Forrer, H. R., Verstappen, E. C. P., Arraiano, L. S., Brading, P. A., Foster, E. M., Fried, P. M. and Jenny, E. 2001. Resistance of wheat cultivars and breeding lines to Septoria tritici blotch caused by isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola in field trials., Plant Pathol. 50:325-338. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00565.x
  2. Cho, M. C., Park, H. G, Kim, H. T. and Kang, K. Y. 1997. Spore production and inoculation methods for resistance screening to gummy stem blight (Mycosphaerella melonis) in muskmelon seedlings. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 38:364-367 (in Korean).
  3. Choi, S. J., Hong, Y. P. and Kim, Y. B. 1995. Prestorage Treatments to prevent fruit skin blackening during cold storage of Japanese pear 'Shingo'('Niitaka'). J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 36:218-223 (in Korean).
  4. Goodwin, S. B., Ben M'Barek, S., Dhillon, B., Wittenberg, A. H. J. and Crane, C. F., 2011. Finished genome of the fungal wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola reveals dispensome structure, chromosome plasticity, and stealth pathogenesis. PLoS Genet. 7:e1002070. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002070
  5. Hong, Y. P., Jung, D. S. and Lee, S. K. 2003. Causal factors of black stain during cold storage of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Niitaka) and its postharvest control. Kor. J. Food Preserv. 10:447-453 (in Korean).
  6. Hwang, Y. S., Piao, Y. L. and Lee, J. C. 2003. Potential factors associated with skin discoloration and core browning disorder in stored 'Niitaka' pears. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 44:57-61 (in Korean).
  7. Kim, J. H. 1975. Studies on the causal factors of skin browning during storage and its control method in Imamura-aki pear (Pyrus serotina Rehder). J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 16:1-25 (in Korean).
  8. Kim, J. K., Lee, H. C., Hong, K. H. and Yun, C. J. 1999. The causes of fruit skin contamination during fruit development in oriental pear. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 40:436-438. (in Korean)
  9. Korea Rural Economic Institute (KREI), 2014, Agricultural prospect 2014. pp. 244-286 (in Korean).
  10. Kwon, J. H. and Park, C. S. 2004. Ecology of disease outbreak of circular leaf spot of persimmon and inoculum dynamics of Mycosphaerella nawae. Res. Plant Dis. 10:209-216 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.5423/RPD.2004.10.4.209
  11. Lee, J. C., Hwang, Y. S., Kim, K. Y., Chun, J. P., Seo, J. H. and Shim, H. K. 1992. Improvement of export technique and marketability of 'Niitaka' pears, Res. Rep. Ministry of Science and Technology, Korea.
  12. Linde, C. C., Zhan, J. and McDonald, B. A. 2002. Population structure of Mycosphaerella graminicola: from lesions to continents. Phytopathology 92:946-955. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.9.946
  13. Nasu, H. 1998. Fruit stain of european pear caused by Stenella sp. Bull. Okayama Pref. Agric. Exp. Station 16:7-12.
  14. Park, Y. S., Kim, K. C., Suh, H. S., Kim, Y. C. Cho, B. H. and Hwang, Y. S. 2008. The skin sooty dapple disease of pear caused by fungi. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 26:90-96 (in Korean).
  15. Park, Y. S., Kim, K. C., Lee, J. H., Kim, I. S., Choi, Y. S., Cho, S. M. and Kim, Y. C. 2008. Etiology and chemical control of skin sooty dapple disease of asian pear. Kor. J. Pest. Sci. 12:375-381 (in Korean).
  16. Ponomarenko, A., Goodwin, S. B. and Kema, G. H. J. 2011. Septoria tritici blotch (STB) of wheat. Plant Health Instructor. DOI: 10.1094/PHI-I-2011-0407-01.
  17. Sadamatsu, M. and Sanematsu, T. 1983. On the occurrence and its causal agent of the fruit stain, a new disease of Japanese pear, Pyrus serotina Rehder. Bull. Saga Prefec. Fruit Tree Exp. Staion 8:79-90 (in Japanese).
  18. Siah, A., Deweer, C., Reignault, P. and Halama, P., 2007. Two Mycosphaerella graminicola French isolates differ in symptoms, in planta sporulation and cell wall degrading enzymes in vitro production. Commun. Agric. Appl. Boil. Sci. 72:867-874.
  19. Staats, M., Van Baarlen, P. and Van Kan, J. A. L., 2005. Molecularphylogeny of the plant pathogenic genus Botrytis and evolution of host specificity. Mol. Biol. Evol. 22:333-346.
  20. Suffert, S., Sache, I. and Lannou, C. 2013. Assessment of quantitative traits of aggressiveness in Mycosphaerella graminicola on adult wheat plants. Plant Pathol. 62:1330-1341. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12050
  21. Torriani, S. F. F., Goodwin, S. B., Kema, G. H. J., Pandilinan, J. L. and McDonald, B. A. 2008. Intraspecific comparison and annotation of two complete mitochondrial genome sequences from the plant pathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola. Fung. Genet. Biol. 45:628-637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2007.12.005
  22. White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. and Taylor, J. W. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR protocols: A guide to methods and applications, ed. by M.A. Innis, D.H. Gelfand, J.J. Sninsky, and T.J. White. pp. 315-322. Academic Press, Inc., New York.
  23. Wiese, M. V. 1987. Compendium of wheat diseases. American Phytopathological Society. p. 124.
  24. Yasuda, F., Yamagishi, D., Akamatsu, H., Izawa, H., Kodama, M. and Otani, H. 2005. Fruit stain of Japanese pear caused by basidiomycetous, yeast-like fungi, Acaromyces ingoldii and Meira sp. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 71:156-165 (in Japanese). https://doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.71.156
  25. Yasuda, F., Yamagishi, D., Izawa, H., Kodama, M. and Otani, H. 2007. Fruit stain of Japanease pear caused by basidiomycetous, yeast-like fungi, Meira geulakonigii and Pseudozyma aphidis. Jpn. J. Phytopathol. 73:166-171 (in Japanese). https://doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.73.166
  26. Yun, S. D., Hong, Y. P., Mok, I. G. and Lee, C. S. 2000. Factors involved with the incidence of black stain in 'Niitaka' pear during storage. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 41:523-525.

Cited by

  1. Effect of Lime Sulfur on Changes of Fungal Diversity in Pear Fallen Leaves vol.43, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4489/KJM.2015.43.4.281