DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Design and Implementation of Adaptive Beam-forming System for Wi-Fi Systems

무선랜 시스템을 위한 적응형 빔포밍 시스템의 설계 및 구현

  • Oh, Joohyeon (Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Kwangwoon University) ;
  • Gwag, Gyounghun (Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Kwangwoon University) ;
  • Oh, Youngseok (SK Telecom Central R&D Center) ;
  • Cho, Sungmin (SK Telecom Central R&D Center) ;
  • Oh, Hyukjun (Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Kwangwoon University)
  • Received : 2014.06.02
  • Accepted : 2014.07.15
  • Published : 2014.09.30

Abstract

This paper presents the implementation and design of the advanced WI-FI systems with beam-forming antenna that radiate their power to the direction of user equipment to improve the overall throughput, contrast to the general WI-FI systems equipped with omni-antenna. The system consists of patch array antenna, DSP, FPGA, and Qualcomm's commercial chip. The beam-forming system on the FPGA utilizes the packet information from Qualcomm's commercial chip to control the phase shifters and attenuators of the patch array antenna. The PCI express interface has been used to maximize the communication speed between DSP and FPGA. The directions of arrival of users are managed using the database, and each user is distinguished by the MAC address given from the packet information. When the system wants to transmit a packet to one user, it forms beams to the direction of arrival of the corresponding user stored in the database to maximize the throughput. Directions of arrival of users are estimated using the received preamble in the packet to make its SINR as high as possible. The proposed beam-forming system was implemented using an FPGA and Qualcommm's commercial chip together. The implemented system showed considerable throughput improvement over the existing general AP system with omni-directional antenna in the multi-user communication environment.

본 논문은 무선랜 시스템에서 성능 향상을 위해, 안테나 빔을 전 방향으로 방사하는 기존의 방법과는 달리, 접속한 단말이 존재하는 방향으로만 안테나 빔을 방사하는 빔포밍 시스템을 설계 및 구현하였다. 해당 시스템은 패치형 배열 안테나를 통해 통신을 하며, DSP(Digital Signal Processor)에서 패킷 타입과 단말의 정보를 퀄컴사의 상용 칩으로부터 제공받아 FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)로 전송하는 방식으로 동작한다. DSP와 FPGA의 통신 방식은 데이터 송수신시 생기는 지연을 최소화하기 위해 PCI express(Peripheral Component Interconnect express)를 사용하였다. 단말 고유의 MAC(Media Access Control) 주소를 FPGA에서 저장하고 데이터베이스화함으로써 단말들의 위치를 관리할 수 있도록 하였다. 따라서 해당하는 단말로 패킷을 전송할 때, 추정한 위치로 빔을 방사하여 T/P(throughput)를 높일 수 있다. 단말의 위치는 패치형 배열 안테나를 통해 수신한 단말의 SINR(Signal to Interface plus Noise Ratio)을 프리앰블 구간에서 극대화하는 알고리즘을 사용하여 추정하였다. 제안하는 빔포밍 시스템을 Verilog HDL(Hardware Description Language)을 이용하여 FPGA와 퀄컴사의 상용 칩과 연동하여 구현하였으며 실제 운용 환경에서 시험을 통해 구현된 장비가 일반 AP(Access Point) 보다 더 높은 성능을 보이며 통신하는 것을 확인하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. M. Benedetto and B. Vojcic, "Ultra wide band wireless communications: a tutorial," Journal of Communications and Networks, Vol. 5, No. 4, December 2003.
  2. T. Tanaka, R. Miura, and Y. Karasawa, "Implementation of a Digital Signal Processor in a BDF Self Beam-Steering Array Antenna," IEICE Trans. Commun., Vol. E80-B, No.1, Jan. 1997.
  3. H. Steyskal, "Digital Beam-forming Antenna: An Introduction,"Microwave Journal, Jan. 1987, pp.107-114.
  4. H. Steyskal, "Digital Beam-forming Antenna: An Introduction," Microwave Journal, Jan. 1987, pp.107-114.
  5. H. Steyskal and John F. Rose, "Digital Beam-forming for Radar Systems," Microwave Journal, Jan.1989, pp.121-138.
  6. L. C. Godara, Smart Antennas, CRC Press, 2004, pp. 325-357
  7. I. J. Gupta and K. Griffith, "Simulations of antennas mounted on rotorcrafts," in Proc. Institute of Navigation's 2008 GNSS Meeting, pp. 2766-2771, Savannah, GA, Sep. 2008.
  8. Y. S. Cho, J. Kim, W. Y. Yang, and C. G. Kang, MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB, Wirey, 2010.
  9. Steven C. Chapra, Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB for Engineers and Scientists 3/E, McGraw-Hill , pp.339-345, 2012.
  10. Faires/Burden, Numerical Methods (4th edition), BROOKS/COLE, pp.111-123, 2013
  11. T. Tanaka, R. Miura and I. Chiba, Y. Karasawa, "An ASIC Implementation of a Digital Beam-forming Multibeam Antenna," IEICE Trans., Vol.J78-B-II,No.9, Sep. 1995, pp.602-610.
  12. L. Eber, "Digital Beam-forming Antenna," Rome Air Development Center Technical Report, RADC-TR-88-83, June 1998.
  13. Thomas Gebauer, Heins G. Gockler, "Channel-Individual Adaptive Beamforming for Mobile Satellite Communications", IEEE Feb. 1995, pp.439-441.