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Effects of Immersion Liquids Containing Citrus junos and Prunus mume Concentrate and High Hydrostatic Pressure on Shelf-life and Quality of Scomber japonicus during Refrigerated Storage

유자(Citrus junos), 매실(Prunus mume) 농축액을 첨가한 침지액과 초정수압의 병행처리가 고등어(Scomber japonicus)의 냉장 저장 중 저장성 및 품질에 미치는 영향

  • Kang, Bo-Kyeong (Department of Food Science & Technology/Institute of Food Science) ;
  • Kim, Koth-Bong-Woo-Ri (Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Kim, Min-Ji (Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Bark, Si-Woo (Department of Food Science & Technology/Institute of Food Science) ;
  • Pak, Won-Min (Department of Food Science & Technology/Institute of Food Science) ;
  • Kim, Bo-Ram (Department of Food Science & Technology/Institute of Food Science) ;
  • Ahn, Na-Kyung (Department of Food Science & Technology/Institute of Food Science) ;
  • Choi, Yeon-Uk (Department of Food Science & Technology/Institute of Food Science) ;
  • Byun, Myung-Woo (Department of Culinary Nutrition, Woosong University) ;
  • Ahn, Dong-Hyun (Department of Food Science & Technology/Institute of Food Science)
  • 강보경 (부경대학교 식품공학과/식품연구소) ;
  • 김꽃봉우리 (부경대학교 수산과학연구소) ;
  • 김민지 (부경대학교 수산과학연구소) ;
  • 박시우 (부경대학교 식품공학과/식품연구소) ;
  • 박원민 (부경대학교 식품공학과/식품연구소) ;
  • 김보람 (부경대학교 식품공학과/식품연구소) ;
  • 안나경 (부경대학교 식품공학과/식품연구소) ;
  • 최연욱 (부경대학교 식품공학과/식품연구소) ;
  • 변명우 (우송대학교 외식조리영양학부) ;
  • 안동현 (부경대학교 식품공학과/식품연구소)
  • Received : 2014.05.28
  • Accepted : 2014.10.04
  • Published : 2014.10.31

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of combined treatment of immersion liquids (adjusted pH 4.5 with Citrus junos concentrate (CL), pH 5.5 with Prunus mume concentrate (PL), or no pH adjustment, pH 6.5, control) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP, 450 MPa) on shelf-life and quality of mackerel. In this study, we measured changes in viable cell counts, pH level, volatile basic nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, color analysis, volatile organic compounds, and sensory evaluation of mackerel at $4^{\circ}C$ for 20 days. CL/HHP and PL/HHP treatments reduced viable cell counts by 3 log cycles during storage compared to the control. Mackerel treated with CL/HHP and PL/HHP showed significantly lower TBARS and VBN levels as compared to the control. After combined treatment, lightness and whiteness increased but redness decreased. VOCs tests showed that contents of alcohol, acid, and ketones in mackerel fillet treated with CL/HHP and PL/HHP were relatively reduced. Especially, CL/HHP and PL/HHP suppressed production of sulfur. In the sensory evaluation, aroma, taste, salinity, hardness, and springiness of mackerel treated with combined HHP showed higher scores than the control. These results suggest that immersion liquids and HHP treatments may increase shelf-life of mackerel and maintain quality during storage at $4^{\circ}C$.

소금, 설탕을 이용해 제조한 pH 6.5의 침지액 처리와 유자 및 매실 농축액을 이용하여 각각 pH 4.5, 5.5로 조정한 침지액과 450 MPa의 초정수압 병행처리가 고등어 필렛의 저장성 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 생균수, pH, VBN 함량, 산화도, 색도, VOCs, 관능평가를 실시하였다. 일반세균수를 측정한 결과, 기본 침지액 처리구에 비해 유자, 매실 침지액 및 초정수압의 병행처리구에서 균의 생육이 억제되는 것을 확인하였다. VBN 함량 측정 결과, 세 처리구 모두 저장 20일차까지 VBN 함량이 10 mg/100 g 이하로 나타나 신선한 상태를 유지하였다. 산화도를 측정한 결과, 기본 침지액의 경우 저장 20일차에 0.442 MDA mg/kg을 보였으나 유자 및 매실 침지액과 초정수압 병행처리의 경우 각각 기본 침지액의 산화도에 비해 33% 및 12% 억제함을 보여 병행처리 산화억제 효과를 확인하였다. 색도의 경우 초정수압 병행처리에 의해 명도, 백색도가 증가하고 적색도가 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 향기성분 분석 결과, 유자, 매실 침지액 및 초정수압 병행처리구에서 저장 20일차까지 sulfur류 및 acid류가 나타나지 않아 부패취나 비린내가 억제된 것으로 사료된다. 관능평가 결과, 저장 일차별 및 처리구별 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 유자, 매실 침지액 및 초정수압의 병행처리구에서 향 및 맛은 비린 향과 맛이 감소하였고 경도 및 탄력성은 증가함을 보였다. 결론적으로 고등어의 경우 저장 및 유통과정에서 산패와 미생물 증식에 의한 품질 저하가 가장 큰 문제점으로, 본 연구 결과와 같이 미생물의 효과적인 증식 억제 방법으로 침지액 처리 및 유자 또는 매실을 이용해 pH를 조절한 침지액과 초정수압의 병행처리는 고등어의 저장성 증진 및 품질 개선 효과를 통한 대중적 상품화에 크게 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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