The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY (한국해양학회지:바다)

The Korean Society of Oceanography (한국해양학회)
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The Influences of Coastal Upwelling on Phytoplankton Community in the Southern Part of East Sea, Korea

동해 남부 연안 해역에서 냉수대 발생이 식물플랑크톤 군집에 미치는 영향

  • 김아람 (국립수산과학원 수산해양종합정보과) ;
  • 윤석현 (국립수산과학원 수산해양종합정보과) ;
  • 정미희 (해양미세조류연구소) ;
  • 윤상철 (국립수산과학원 수산해양종합정보과) ;
  • 문창호 (부경대학교 해양학과)
  • Received : 2014.06.03
  • Accepted : 2014.11.20
  • Published : 2014.11.28
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Abstract

In order to understand environment condition and phytoplankton community before and after coastal upwelling, the influences of upwelling events on phytoplankton community were studied at 18 stations located the Southern part of East Sea, Korea from May to August 2013. The surface water masses showed low temperature and high salinity due to upwelling events at coastal stations (A1, B1, C1). Correlation between temperature and nutrients (DIP, r=-0.218, p<0.01; DIN, r=-0.306, p<0.01; silicate, r=-0.274, p<0.01) was significantly negative. This result could be explained that nutrients were supplied to surface water by the upwelling of bottom water. Phytoplankton communities were composed of 186 species. Phytoplankton abundance were relatively high in May (C1, $726{\times}10^3cells\;L^{-1}$) and July (A1, $539{\times}10^3cells\;L^{-1}$). Total chlorophyll a and micro-size fraction ($&gt;20{\mu}m$) increased at coastal stations in July and August, while phytoplankton abundance and total chl. a was much low in June. Dominant species in June was Pseudo-nitzschia spp. of which the cell size was $309{\mu}m^3$. Cell size of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. was smaller than dominant species in other period. Therefore, the increase in total chloro-phyll a and the size of phytoplankton was resulted in the sufficient supply of nutrients. In contrast, these tendencies were not observed at outside stations. These results suggested that coastal upwelling was an important influencing factor to determine the species composition and standing stock of phytoplankton community in the coastal waters of the Southern part of East Sea, Korea.

냉수대 발생 전 후의 해양 환경과 식물플랑크톤 군집 구조 및 크기를 파악을 위해 여름철 빈번하게 냉수대가 발생되는 동해 남부 해역(울산 정자~부산 일광) 18개 정점에서 2013년 5월부터 8월까지 냉수대 발생 환경 및 식물플랑크톤 군집 구조를 조사하였다. 냉수대는 7월과 8월에 연안 정점(A1, B1, C1)에서 발생하였고, 표층에서 저온 고염의 특성을 보였다. 이 시기에 영양염은 수온과 유의한 음의 상관관계(DIP, r=-0.218, p<0.01; DIN, r=-0.306, p<0.01; silicate, r=-0.274, p<0.01)를 보여, 찬 해수가 분포하는 표층에 영양염이 풍부함을 알 수 있었다. 출현한 식물플랑크톤은 총 186종이었고, 현존량은 5월(C1, $726{\times}10^3cells\;L^{-1}$)과 7월(A1, $539{\times}10^3cells\;L^{-1}$)에 높았다. 또한, 연안 정점에서 총 chl. a 와 소형플랑크톤 chl. a ($&gt;20{\mu}m$)의 농도가 냉수대 발생 시기인 7, 8월에 뚜렷하게 증가한 반면, 수온약층이 형성된 6월에는 현저하게 낮았다. 6월의 우점종은 Pseudo-nitzschia spp.이었고, 그 세포 크기는 $309{\mu}m^3$로 다른 시기의 식물플랑크톤의 1/10 수준에 머무는 작은 크기였다. 이러한 결과는 7월과 8월에 총 chl. a의 증가와 식물플랑크톤의 크기 증가가 냉수대 발생 시에 표층으로 공급된 영양염의 영향임을 시사한다. 이러한 해양 환경 특성과 식물플랑크톤 출현양상은 연안 정점에서 뚜렷하게 보였고, 외측 정점에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 이 연구에서는 동해 남부 해역에서 냉수대가 발생하면 식물플랑크톤의 현존량 증가와 더불어 비교적 크기가 큰 식물플랑크톤의 출현 빈도가 증가하는 현상을 확인하였다. 결과적으로 하계에도 불구하고 동해 남부 연안 해역에서 냉수대 발생에 따른 영양염 공급은 식물플랑크톤 군집조성과 현존량에 상당한 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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