Korean Journal of Cognitive Science (인지과학)

The Korean Society for Cognitive Science (한국인지과학회)
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A Review of the Cognitive Neuroscience of Creativity

창의성에 대한 인지신경과학 연구 개관

  • Received : 2015.10.05
  • Accepted : 2015.11.09
  • Published : 2015.12.31
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Abstract

Creativity refers to the ability to generate novel and useful ideas. Understanding the mechanism of creativity and its enhancement is important in order to solve major problems of the modern society and to improve the wellness of mankind. Creativity is a highly heterogeneous and complex ability which should not be conceptualized as a single entity. Thus, the current literature on creativity is based on a component process approach to creativity. The present study introduces cognitive neuroscience research studying the mechanism of divergent thinking, insight, relational thinking and artistic creativity which are the major components of creativity. Based on an expansive review, the early hypothesis of hemispheric asymmetry emphasizing the importance of the right as opposed to the left hemisphere is not supported by scientific evidence. In addition, there is no consensus or consistency on which specific brain region is related to a certain component of creativity. In fact, there is a mixture of studies reporting involvement of various brain regions across all four lobes of the brain. This inconsistency in the literature most likely reflects heterogeneity of the component processes of creativity and sensitivity of the neural response to differences across tasks and cognitive strategy. The present study introduces examples of representative studies reporting seminal findings on the neural basis and the enhancement of creativity based on innovative methodology. In addition, we discuss limitations of the current cognitive neuroscience approach to creativity and present directions for future research.

창의성은 독창적이고 유용한 아이디어를 산출할 수 있는 능력을 말한다. 현대 사회의 많은 문제들을 해결하고 인류의 복지를 증진시키기 위해 창의성의 기전을 이해하고 이를 증진할 수 있는 방안에 대한 연구는 매우 중요하다. 창의성은 매우 이질적이고 복합적인 능력으로서 이를 하나의 능력으로 개념화하는 것은 적절하지 않다. 따라서 학계에서는 창의성의 개별 구성 요소를 중심으로 창의성의 기전에 대한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 개관 연구에서는 창의성의 주요한 구성 요소인 확산적 사고, 통찰, 관계적 사고 그리고 예술적 창의성에 대한 인지신경과학 연구들을 소개한다. 여러 연구 결과를 종합적으로 고려한 결과, 창의성의 인지신경학적 기전과 관련하여 우반구가 좌반구보다 우세하다는 가설은 실험적 증거에 의해 지지되지 않았다. 또한, 창의성과 관련하여 특정 뇌 영역의 중요성이 일관되게 보고되고 있지 않으며, 다양한 뇌 영역의 활동성이 창의성과 관계된다는 연구 결과가 혼재하고 있다. 이러한 상이한 연구 결과가 관찰되는 이유는 창의성의 각 구성 요소의 이질성 뿐 아니라, 연구에 사용된 과제의 특수성과 과제에 의해 유발된 인지적 전략의 차이에 의해 뇌 활동이 달라지기 때문인 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 본 개관 연구에서는 창의성의 요소 별 뇌기반과 창의성의 증진에 대하여 우수한 연구 방법을 사용하여 탁월한 연구 성과를 이룬 대표적인 사례들을 소개하고 현행 연구들의 제한점과 후속 연구의 방향을 제시한다.

Keywords

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