Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Effect of sun ginseng potentiation on epirubicin and paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells

  • Lin, Yingjia (Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University) ;
  • Jiang, Dan (Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University) ;
  • Li, Yang (Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University) ;
  • Han, Xinye (Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University) ;
  • Yu, Di (Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University) ;
  • Park, Jeong Hill (College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University) ;
  • Jin, Ying-Hua (Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University)
  • Received : 2014.05.28
  • Accepted : 2014.08.02
  • Published : 2015.01.15
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Abstract

Background: Sun ginseng (SG), a specific formulation of quality-controlled red ginseng, contains approximately equal amounts of three major ginsenosides (RK1, Rg3, and Rg5), which reportedly has antitumor-promoting activities in animal models. Methods: MTT assay was used to assess whether SG can potentiate the anticancer activity of epirubicin or paclitaxel in human cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells, human colon cancer SW111C cells, and SW480 cells; apoptosis status was analyzed by annexin V-FITC and PI and analyzed by flow cytometry; and apoptosis pathway was studied by analysis of caspase-3, -8, and -9 activation, mitochondrial accumulation of Bax and Bak, and cytochrome c release. Results: SG remarkably enhances cancer cell death induced by epirubicin or paclitaxel in human cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells, human colon cancer SW111C cells, and SW480 cells. Results of the mechanism study highlighted the cooperation between SG and epirubicin or paclitaxel in activating caspase-3 and -9 but not caspase-8. Moreover, SG significantly increased the mitochondrial accumulation of both Bax and Bak triggered by epirubicin or paclitaxel as well as the subsequent release of cytochrome c in the targeted cells. Conclusion: SG significantly potentiated the anticancer activities of epirubicin and paclitaxel in a synergistic manner. These effects were associated with the increased mitochondrial accumulation of both Bax and Bak that led to an enhanced cytochrome c release, caspase-9/-3 activation, and apoptosis. Treating cancer cells by combining epirubicin and paclitaxel with SG may prove to be a novel strategy for enhancing the efficacy of the two drug types.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : National Nature Science Foundation of China

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