International Journal of Human Ecology

The Korean Home Economics Association (대한가정학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Generational Differences in Children's Externalizing Behavior Problems

  • Moon, Ui Jeong (Maryland Population Research Center, University of Maryland) ;
  • Hofferth, Sandra L. (Department of Family Science, School of Public Health, University of Maryland)
  • Received : 2015.10.07
  • Accepted : 2015.11.26
  • Published : 2015.12.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study examines the effects of time spent with parents and peers on generational differences in children's externalizing behavior problems in immigrant families. Using the Child Development Supplement and Time Diaries from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we found that first and second generation children exhibited fewer externalizing behavior problems than did third generation children, despite their lower socioeconomic status. First and second generation children spent more time with either one or both parents, and less time with peers, on the weekend day than did third generation children. We found a marginal but beneficial effect of time spent with fathers on the weekday, but not on the weekend day. The implications are that time spent with fathers on weekdays differs from time spent with fathers on the weekend, and that promoting immigrant father involvement on the weekday through school or community programs could benefit immigrant children.

Keywords

References

  1. Barratt, M. S. (1993). Early childrearing in Japan: Cross-cultural and intracultural perspectives. Early Development and Parenting, 2(1), 3-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/edp.2430020103
  2. Chan, R. W. (1999). Social contexts, adolescent misconduct, and psychological adjustment among Chinese-American and Filipino-American adolescents (Doctoral Dissertation).
  3. Chao, R. K. (1994). Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: Understanding Chinese parenting through the cultural notion of training. Child Development, 65(4), 1111-1119. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131308
  4. Cook, W. K., Hofstetter, C. R., Kang, M., Hovell, M. F., & Irvin, V. (2009). Rethinking acculturation: A study of alcohol use of Korean American adolescents in Southern California. Contemporary Drug Problems, 36(1-2), 217-244. https://doi.org/10.1177/009145090903600111
  5. Crouter, A. C., Head, M. R., McHale, S. M., & Tucker, C. J. (2004). Family time and the psychosocial adjustment of adolescent siblings and their parents. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(1), 147-162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00010.x-i1
  6. Delgato-Gaitan, C. (1994). Socializing young children in Mexican American families: An intergenerational perspective. In P. M. Greenfield & R. R. Cocking (Eds.), Cross-cultural roots of minority child development (pp. 55-86). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  7. Dinh, K. T., Roosa, M. W., Tein, J., & Lopez, V. A. (2002). The relationship between acculturation and problem behavior proneness in a Hispanic youth sample: A longitudinal mediation model. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30(3), 295-309. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015111014775
  8. Elder, G. H. (1969). Peer socialization in school. Educational Leadership, 26, 465-473.
  9. Florsheim, P. (1997). Chinese adolescent immigrants: Factors related to psychosocial adjustment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26(2), 143-163. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024548430764
  10. Fuligni, A. J., Tseng, V., & Lam, M. (1999). Attitudes towards family obligations among American adolescents with Asian, Latin American, and European Backgrounds. Child Development, 70(4), 1030-1044. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00075
  11. Gil, A. G., Vega, W. A., & Dimas, J. M. (1994). Acculturative stress and personal adjustment. Journal of Community Psychology, 22(1), 43-54. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(199401)22:1<43::AID-JCOP2290220106>3.0.CO;2-T
  12. Gil, A., & Vega, W. (1996). Two different worlds: Acculturation stress and adaptation among Cuban and Nicaraguan families. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 13(3), 435-456. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407596133008
  13. Gil, A., Wagner, E., & Vega, W. (2000). Acculturation, familism and alcohol use among Latino adolescent males: Longitudinal relations. Journal of Community Psychology, 28(4), 443-458. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(200007)28:4<443::AID-JCOP6>3.0.CO;2-A
  14. Gonzales, N., German, M., Kim, S. Y., George, P., Fabrett, F. C., Millsap, R. et al. (2008). Mexican American adolescents’ cultural orientation, externalizing behavior and academic engagement: The role of traditional cultural values. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(1-2), 151-164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9152-x
  15. Harris, K. M. (1998). The health status and risk behavior of adolescents in immigrant families. In Children of Immigrants: Health, Adjustment, and Public Assistance. In D.J. Herendez (Ed.), Committee on the Health and Adjustment of Immigrant Children and Families, Board on Children, Youth, and Families. Washington, DC: National Academic Press.
  16. Hernandez, D. J. (2004). Demographic change and the life circumstances of immigrant families. The Future of Children, 14(2), 17-48.
  17. Hofferth, S. L. (1999). Public assistance receipt by Mexican American and Cuban American children in native and immigrant families. In D. Hernandez (Ed.), Children of immigrants: Health, adjustment, and public assistance (pp. 546-583). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
  18. Hofferth, S. L. (2003). Race/ethnic differences in father involvement in two-parent families; Culture, context, or economy? Journal of Family Issues, 24(2), 185-216. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X02250087
  19. Hofferth, S. L. (2009). Changes in American children’s time-1997 to 2003. International Journal of Time Use Research, 6(1), 26-47. https://doi.org/10.13085/eIJTUR.6.1.26-47
  20. Hofferth, S. L., & Sandberg, J. F. (2001). How American children spend their time. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 63(3), 295-308. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00295.x
  21. Jeong, Y., & You, H. (2013). The influence of family capital on children’s working memory in new immigrant families in the United States. International Journal of Human Ecology, 14, 41-51.
  22. Kao, G. (2004). Social capital and its relevance to minority and immigrant populations. Sociology of Education, 77(2), 26-47.
  23. Kim, E. (2005). Korean American parental control: Acceptance or rejection? Ethos, 33(3), 347-366. https://doi.org/10.1525/eth.2005.33.3.347
  24. Kim, S. Y., & Wong, V. Y. (2002). Assessing Asian and Asian American parenting: A review of the literature. In S. O. K. S. Kurasaki, & S. Sue (Ed.), Asian American mental health: Assessment theories and methods (pp. 185-201). New York, NY: Kluwer.
  25. Kim, S. Y., Chen, Q., Li, J., Huang, X., & Moon, U. J. (2009). Parentchild acculturation, parenting, and adolescent depressive symptoms in Chinese immigrant families. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(3), 426-437. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016019
  26. Larson, R. W., & Verma, S. (1999). How children and adolescent spent time across the world: Work, play, and developmental opportunities. Psychological Bulletin, 125(6), 701-736. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.701
  27. Lau, S., & Cheung, P. C. (1987). Relations between Chinese adolescents’ perception of parental control and organization and their perception of parental warmth. Developmental Psychology, 23(5), 726-729. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.23.5.726
  28. Le, T. N., & Stockdale, G. D. (2005). Individualism, collectivism, and delinquency in Asian American adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34(4), 681-691. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp3404_10
  29. Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224-253. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224
  30. McLoyd, V. C. (1990). The impact of economic hardship on Black families and children: Psychological distress, parenting, and socioemotional development. Child Development, 61(2), 311-346. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131096
  31. Morales, L., Lara, M., Kington, R., Valdez, R., & Escarce, J. (2002). Socioeconomic, cultural, and behavioral factors affecting Hispanic health outcomes. Journal of Health Care Poor Underserved, 13(4), 477-503. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2010.0630
  32. Muthen, L. K., & Muthen, B. O. (1998-2010). Mplus user's guide (Fifth Edition). Los Angeles, CA: Muthen & Muthen.
  33. Pantin, H., Schwarts, S. J., Sullivan, S., Coatsworth, J. D., & Szapocznik, J. (2003). Preventing substance abuse in Hispanic immigrant adolescents: An eco-developmental, parent-centered approach. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Science, 25(4), 469-500. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986303259355
  34. Peterson, J. L., & Zill, N. (1986). Marital disruption, parent-child relationships, and behavioral problems in children. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48(2), 295-307. https://doi.org/10.2307/352397
  35. Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., Dodge, K. A., & Meece, D. W. (1999). The impact of after-school peer contact on early adolescent externalizing problems is moderated by parental monitoring, perceived neighborhood safety, and prior adjustment. Child Development, 70(3), 768-778. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00055
  36. Rogler, L. H., Cortes, D. E., & Malgady, R. G. (1991). Acculturation and mental health status among Hispanics: Convergence and new directions for research. American Psychologist, 46(6), 585-597. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.46.6.585
  37. Rubin, K. H., Chen, X., McDougall, P., Bowker, A., & McKinnon. J. (1995). Waterloo Longitudinal Project: Predicting internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 7(4), 751-764. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400006829
  38. Sabogal, F., Marin, G., Otero-Sabogal, R., Van Oss Marin, B., & Perez-Stable, E. J. (1987). Hispanic familism and acculturation: What changes and what doesn't? Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 9(4), 397-412. https://doi.org/10.1177/07399863870094003
  39. Stage, F. K., Carter, H. C., & Norma, A. (2004). Path analysis: An introduction and analysis of a decade of research. Journal of Education Research, 98(1), 5-12. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOER.98.1.5-13
  40. Szapocznik, J., & Kurtines, W. M. (1993). Family psychology and cultural diversity. American Psychologist, 48(4), 400-407. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.48.4.400
  41. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2001). Mental Health: Culture, Race, and Ethnicity-A Supplement to Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services.
  42. Updegraff, K. A., McHale, S. M., Whiteman, S. D., Thayer, S. M., & Crouter, A. C. (2006). The nature and correlates of Mexican-American adolescents' time with parents and peers. Child Development, 77(5), 1470-1486. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00948.x
  43. Yeung, W. J., Sandberg, J. F., Davis-Kean, P. E., & Hofferth, S. L. (2001). Children’s time with fathers in intact families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(1), 136-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00136.x