Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)

Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Two-Year Estimates of Mating System in Seed Orchard of Pinus densiflora Revealed by cpSSR and nSSR Markers

안면도 소나무 채종원 교배양식 추정모수의 연간비교

  • Kim, Young Mi (Division of Forest Genetic Resources, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Hong, Yong Pyo (Division of Forest Genetic Resources, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Park, Jae In (Department of Forest Science, Chungbuk National University)
  • 김영미 (국립산림과학원 산림유전자원과) ;
  • 홍용표 (국립산림과학원 산림유전자원과) ;
  • 박재인 (충북대학교 산림학과)
  • Received : 2015.09.30
  • Accepted : 2015.11.24
  • Published : 2015.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Nuclear SSR (nSSR) and chloroplast SSR (cpSSR) markers were analyzed to assess the parameters of mating system in seed orchard, such as outcrossing rates, the number of potential pollen contributors, paternal contribution rates, degree of pollen contamination, and biparental inbreeding ($t_m-t_s$). In 2006, 2007, seeds were collected from the seed orchard of Pinus densiflora, established in 1977 at Anmyeon island. Estimates of outcrossing rates ranged from 94.9 to 100% (mean 98.9%) in 2006 and from 91.2 to 100% (mean 97.7%) in 2007 on the basis of the analysis of cpSSR haplotypes and from 90.3 to 100% (mean 95.9%) in 2006 and from 81.6 to 100% (mean 95.3%) in 2007 on the basis of the analysis of nSSR genotypes. By cross checking of both DNA markers, mean cumulative outcrossing rates of 100% and 98.9% were estimated in each year. Mean contamination rates were estimated as 48.9% and 42.4%, respectively. On the basis of cpSSR haplotype observed in each seed, paternal contribution rates (the number of pollen contributors) were estimated as 0.458 (mean 16.2) in 2006 and 0.512 (mean 14.8) in 2007. In conclusion, considering pretty high level of outcrossing rates observed in a seed orchard, there might be little to be influenced by inbreeding depression for genetic potential of the seeds induced by selfing. Estimates of the mating system parameters obtained from the two reproductive years were not statistically different, which revealed stable genetic quality of seeds produced in different years. Observed results from this study may provide useful information for the management and establishment of the seed orchard of the progressive generation.

교배양식 유전모수를 확인하기 위하여 nuclear SSR (nSSR) 표지와 chloroplast SSR (cpSSR) 표지를 이용하여 2006년과 2007년에 안면도 소나무 채종원(77년 조성)에서 생산된 종자를 대상으로 타가교배율과 화분오염율, 근친교배율을 확인하였다. cpSSR 유전형에 근거한 타가교배율은 2006년에 94.9~100%(평균 98.9%)이며, 2007년에는 91.2~100%(평균 97.7%)이다. nSSR 유전자형에 근거한 타가교배율은 2006년에 90.3~100%(평균 95.9%), 2007년에 81.6~100%(평균 95.3%)의 타가교배율이 산출되었다. 두 표지를 동시에 비교하여 확인한 결과 2006년 생산종자의 평균 누적 타가교배율 100%, 2007년 생산종자의 평균 누적 타가교배율은 98.9%로 추정되었다. 근친교배율($t_m-t_s$: biparental inbreeding)은 2006년에 -0.006과 2007년에 0.007으로 추정되었다. 평균 화분오염율은 2006년에 평균 48.9%, 2007년에 평균 42.4%이며, 종자의 cpSSR 유전형을 근거로 확인한 화분친 기여율(기여화분친 수)은 2006년에 0.458(평균 16.2개), 2007년에 0.512(평균 14.8개)로 확인되었다. 결론적으로, 2006년, 2007년 안면도 소나무 채종원(77년 조성) 내 클론간 높은 타가교배율이 확인됨으로써 채종원산 종자의 유전적 품질은 자가교배로 인한 근교약세가 원인이 되는 불량형질이 발생할 가능성이 낮을 것으로 기대된다. 안면도 소나무 채종원(77년 조성) 내 교배양식 연간 분석을 통해서 확인된 결과가 향후 진전세대 채종원 조성 및 관리에 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Adams, W.T., Hipkins, V.D., Burczyk, J., and Randall, W.K. 1997. Pollen contamination trends in a maturing Douglasfir seed orchard. Canadian Journal Forest Research 27: 131-134. https://doi.org/10.1139/x96-129
  2. Askew, G.R. 1988. Estimation of gamete pool compositions in clonal seed orchard. Silvae Genetica 37: 227-232.
  3. Askew, G.R., 1992. Potential genetic improvement due to supplemental mass pollination management in conifer seed orchards. Forest Ecology Management 47: 135-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(92)90271-A
  4. Bridgwater, F.E., Bramlett, D.L., and Matthews, F.R. 1987. Supplemental mass pollination is feasible on an operational scale. pp. 216-222. Proceedings of 19th outhern forest tree improvement conference held at College Station, Texas, USA.
  5. Burczyk, J. and Chybicki, I.J. 2004. Cautions on direct gene flow estimation in plant populations. Evolution 58: 956-963 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb00430.x
  6. Burdon, R.D. 2001. Genetic diversity and disease resistance some considerations for research, breeding, and deployment. Canadian Journal Forest Research 31: 596-606. https://doi.org/10.1139/x00-136
  7. Chaix, G., Gerber, S., Razafimaharo, V., Vigneron, P., Verhaegen, D., and Hamon, S. 2003. Gene flow estimation with microsatellites in a Malagasy seed orchard of Eucalyptus grandis. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 107: 705-712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-003-1294-0
  8. Dyer, R.J. and Sork, V.L. 2001. Pollen pool heterogeneity in Short leaf pine, Pinus echinata Mill. Molecular Ecology 10: 859-866. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01251.x
  9. El-Kassaby, Y.A. and Ritland, K., 1986. The relation of outcrossing and contamination to reproductive phenology and supplemental mass pollination in a Douglas-fir seed orchard. Silvae Genetica 35: 240-244.
  10. El-Kassaby, YA., Ritland, K., Faschler, A.M.K., and Devitt, W.J.B., 1988. The role of reproductive phenology upon the mating system of a Douglas-fir seed chard. Silvae Genetica 37: 76-82.
  11. El-Kassaby, Y.A. and Davidson, R. 1990. Impact of crop management practices on the seed crop genetic quality in a Douglas- fir seed orchard. Silvae Genetica 39: 230-237.
  12. Farris, M.A. and Miton, J.B. 1984. Population density, outcrossing rate, and heterozygosity in Ponderosa pine. Evolution 38: 1151-1154. https://doi.org/10.2307/2408448
  13. Fashler, A.M.K. and El-Kassaby, Y.A. 1987. The effect of water spray cooling treatment on reproductive phenology in a Douglas-fir seed orchard. Silvae Genetica 36: 245-249.
  14. Friedman, S.T. and Adams, W.T. 1985. Estimation of gene flow into two seed orchards of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 69: 609-615.
  15. Goto, S., Miyahara, F., and Ie, Y. 2002. Monitoring male reproductive success in a Japanese black pine clonal seed orchard with RAPD markers. Canadian Journal Forest Resources 32: 983-988. https://doi.org/10.1139/x02-022
  16. Goto, S., Watanabe, A., Miyahara, F., and Moriguchi, Y. 2005. Reproductive success of pollen derived from selected and non-selected sources and its impact on the performance of crops in a nematode-resistant Japanese black pine seed orchard. Silvae Genetica 54: 69-76.
  17. Han, S.U., Choi, W.Y., Chang, K.H., and Lee, B.S. 2001. Estimation of effective population numbers and sexual asymmetry based on flowering assessment in clonal seed of orchard Pinus densiflora. Korean Society of Breeding Science 33(1): 29-34. (in Korean)
  18. Han, S.D., Hong, Y.P., Yang, B.H., Lee, S.W., and Kim, C.S. 2004. Estimation of mating system parameters in the natural population of Pinus densiflora of Mt Juwang. pp. 315-316. Preceeding of Journal of Korean Forest Society. (in Korean)
  19. Harju, A. and Muona, O. 1989. Background pollination in Pinus sylvestris seed orchards. Scandinavian Journal Forest Research 4: 513-520. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827588909382584
  20. Hong, Y.P., Ahn, J.Y., Kim, Y.M., Hong, K.N., and Yang, B.H. 2013. Mating system in natural population of Pinus koraiensis at Mt. Seorak based on allozyme and cpSSR markers. Journal of Korean Forest Society 102(2): 264-271. (in Korean)
  21. Kang, K.S., Lindgren, D., and Mullin, T.J. 2001. Prediction of genetic gain and gene diversity in seed orchard crops under alternative management strategies. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 103: 1099-1107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001220100700
  22. Kim, I.S., Kim, J.H., and Jang, K.H. 2006. The strategy ofmanagement in seed orchard to produce superior seed.pp. 36. In: I.S. Kim, J.H. Kim, K.H. Jang, B.S. Lee, ed.The strategy to massedly produce and systematically supplyof superior seed in seed orchard. Korea forest seedand variety center. Chung-ju. Korea. (in Korean)
  23. Kim,W.W., Bae, L.S., Park, B.C., Kim, W.J. 2012. Report on actual condition of seed orchard management. National Forest Seed and Variety Center. pp198. chungju, korea. (in Korean)
  24. Lee, S.W., Jang, S.S., Jang, K.H., and Kim, C.S. 2003. Estimation of mating system parameters in the natural population on Pinus densiflora of Anmyon island, Korea using allozyme markers. Journal of Korea Forestry Society 92(2): 121-128.
  25. Michael, U.S. and Newton, C.H. 2002. Evaluation of mating dynamics in a Lodgepole pine seed orchard using chloroplast DNA markers. Canadian Journal Forest Research 32: 469-476. https://doi.org/10.1139/x01-222
  26. Moriguchi, Y., Taira, H., Tani, N., and Tsumura, Y. 2004. Variation of paternal contribution in a seed orchard of Cryptomeria japonica determined using microsatellite markers. Canadian Journal Forest Research 34: 1683-1690. https://doi.org/10.1139/x04-029
  27. Moriguchi, Y., Tani, N., Itoo, S., Kanehora, F., Tanaka, K., Yomogia, H., Taira, H., and Tsumura, Y. 2005. Gene flow and mating system in five Cryptomeria japonica D. Don seed orchards as revealed by analysis of microsatellite markers. Tree Genetics & Genomes 1: 174-183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-005-0023-z
  28. Nuray, K., Isik, K., and Adams, W.T. 2006. Mating system and pollen contamination in a Pinus brutia seed orchard. New Forest 31: 409-416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-005-0876-x
  29. Oh, C.Y., Kang, K.S., Choi, W.Y., Han, S.U., and Kim, C.S. 2007. Seed orchard management considering the correlation between vegetative and reproductive in Pinus koraiensis S. et Z. Korean Journal Breed Science 39: 419-426. (in Korean)
  30. Pakkad, G., Ueno, S., and Yosimura, H. 2008. Genetic diversity and differentiation of Quercus semisettata Roxb. in northern Thailand revealed by nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers. Forest Ecology Management 255: 1067-1077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.10.021
  31. Pakkanen, A. and Pulkien, P. 1991. Pollen production and background pollination levels in Scots pine seed orchards of Northern Finnish origin. Pollen contamination on seed orchards. pp. 14-21. Proceedings of meeting of the Nordic group for tree breeding. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology Report.
  32. Pakkanen, A., Nikkanen, T., and Pulkkinen, P. 2000. Annual variation in pollen contamination and outcrossing in a Picea abies seed orchard. Scandinavian Journal Forest Research 15: 399-404. https://doi.org/10.1080/028275800750172574
  33. Peakall, R. and Smouse, P.E. 2006. GENALEX 6.41: Genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Molecular Ecology Notes 6: 288-295. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01155.x
  34. Perry, D.J. and Bousquet, J. 2001. Genetic diversity and mating system of post-fire and post-harvest black spruce: an investigation using codominant sequence-tagged-site (STS) markers. Canadian Journal Forest Research 31: 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1139/x00-137
  35. Plomion, C., LeProvost, G., Pot, D., Vendramin, G., Gerber, S., Decroocq, S., Brach, J., Raffin, A., and Pastuszka, P. 2001. Pollen contamination in a maritime pine polycross seed orchard and certification of improved seeds using chloroplast microsatellites. Canadian Journal Forest Research 31: 1816-1825. https://doi.org/10.1139/x01-115
  36. Ritland, K. and Jain, S. 1981. A model for the estimation of outcrossing rate and gene frequencies using independent loci. Heredity 47: 35-52. https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1981.57
  37. Ritland, K. 2002. Extensions of models for the estimation of mating systems using n independent loci. Heredity 88: 221-228. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.hdy.6800029
  38. Shen, H., Rudin, D. and Lindgren, D. 1981. Study of the pollination pattern in a Scots pine seed orchard by means of isozyme analysis. Silvae Genetica 40: 7-15.
  39. Snyder, T.P., Steward, D.A. and Strickleret, A.F. 1985. Temporal analysis of breeding structure in jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). Canadian Journal Forest Research 15: 1159-1166. https://doi.org/10.1139/x85-188
  40. Stoehr, M.U., Orvar, B.L., Vo, T.M., Gawley, J.R., Webber, J.E. and Newton, C.H. 1998. Application of a chloroplast DNA marker in seed orchard management evaluations of Douglas-fir. Canadian Journal Forest Research 28: 187-195. https://doi.org/10.1139/x97-201
  41. Stoehr, M.U. and Newton, C.H. 2002. Evaluation of mating dynamics in a lodgepole pine seed orchard using chloroplast DNA markers. Canadian Journal Forest Research 32: 469-476. https://doi.org/10.1139/x01-222
  42. Stoehr, M., Webber, J., and Wood, J. 2004. Protocol for mating seed orchard seed lots in British Columbia quantifying genetic gain and diversity. Forestry 77: 297-303 https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/77.4.297
  43. Torimaru, T., Wang, X.R., Fries, A., Andersson, B., and Lindgren, D. 2009. Evaluation of pollen contamination in an advanced Scots pine seed orchard in Sweden. Silvae Genetia 58: 262-269. https://doi.org/10.1515/sg-2009-0033
  44. Vendramin, G.G., Lelli, L., Rossi, P., and Morgante, M. 1996. A set of primers for the amplification of 20 chloroplast microsatellites in Pinaceae. Molecular Ecology 5: 111-114.
  45. Watanabe, A., Iwaizumi, M.G., Ubukata, M., Kondo, T., Lian, C., and Hogoetsu. T. 2006. Isolation of Microsatellite markers from Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. using a dual PCR technique. Molecular Ecology 6: 80-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01145.x
  46. Yazdani, R., Hadders, G., and Szmidt, A. 1986. Supplemental mass pollination in a seed orchard of Pinus sylvestris L. investigated by isozyme analyses. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 1: 309-315. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827588609382422
  47. Zhu, Y., Chen, H., Fan, J., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Chen, J., Fan, J.X., Yang, S., Hu, L., Leung, H., Mew, T.W., Teng, P.S., Wang, Z., and Mundt, C.C. 2000. Genetic diversity and disease control in rice. Nature 406: 718-722. https://doi.org/10.1038/35021046