Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
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A Genetic Analysis of Taoyuan Pig and Its Phylogenetic Relationship to Eurasian Pig Breeds

  • Li, Kuan-Yi (Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University) ;
  • Li, Kuang-Ti (Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica) ;
  • Cheng, Chun-Chun (Graduate Institute of Hakka Cultural Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Chen, Chia-Hsuan (Division of Breeding and Genetics, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan) ;
  • Hung, Chien-Yi (Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University) ;
  • Ju, Yu-Ten (Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University)
  • Received : 2014.08.04
  • Accepted : 2014.10.31
  • Published : 2015.04.01
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Abstract

Taoyuan pig is a native Taiwan breed. According to the historical record, the breed was first introduced to Taiwan from Guangdong province, Southern China, around 1877. The breed played an important role in Taiwan's early swine industry. It was classified as an indigenous breed in 1986. After 1987, a conserved population of Taoyuan pig was collected and reared in isolation. In this study, mitochondrial DNA sequences and 18 microsatellite markers were used to investigate maternal lineage and genetic diversity within the Taoyuan pig population. Population differentiation among Taoyuan, Asian type, and European type pig breeds was also evaluated using differentiation indices. Only one D-loop haplotype of the Taoyuan pig was found. It clustered with Lower Changjiang River Basin and Central China Type pig breeds. Based on the polymorphism of microsatellite markers, a positive fixation index value ($F_{IS}$) indicates that the conserved Taoyuan population suffers from inbreeding. In addition, high $F_{ST}$ values (>0.2105) were obtained, revealing high differentiation among these breeds. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling showed a clear geometric structure among 7 breeds. Together these results indicate that maternally Taoyuan pig originated in the Lower Changjiang River Basin and Central China; however, since being introduced to Taiwan differentiation has occurred. In addition, Taoyuan pig has lost genetic diversity in both its mitochondrial and nuclear genomes.

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