Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Impact of Age, Tumor Size, Lymph Node Metastasis, Stage, Receptor Status and Menopausal Status on Overall Survival of Breast Cancer Patients in Pakistan

  • Mahmood, Humera (Department of Oncology, Oncology & Radiotherapy Institute (NORI) Islamabad) ;
  • Faheem, Mohammad (Nuclear Medicine, Oncology & Radiotherapy Institute (NORI) Islamabad) ;
  • Mahmood, Sana (Nuclear Medicine, Oncology & Radiotherapy Institute (NORI) Islamabad) ;
  • Sadiq, Maryam (Department of Statistics, University of Azad) ;
  • Irfan, Javaid (Nuclear Medicine, Oncology & Radiotherapy Institute (NORI) Islamabad)
  • Published : 2015.03.04
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: Survival of breast cancer patients depends on a number of factors which are not only prognostic but are also predictive. A number of studies have been carried out worldwide to find out prognostic and predictive significance of different clinicopathological and molecular variables in breast cancer. This study was carried out at Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute (NORI), Islamabad, to find out the impact of different factors on overall survival of breast cancer patients coming from Northern Pakistan. Materials and Methods: This observational retrospective study was carried out in the Oncology Department of NORI Hospital. A total of 2,666 patients were included. Data were entered into SPSS 20. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to determine associations of different variables with overall survival. P values <0.05 were considered significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 47.6 years, 49.5% being postmenopausal. Some 1,708 were ER positive and 1,615 were PR positive, while Her 2 neu oncogene positivity was found in 683. A total of 1,237 presented with skin involvement and 426 had chest wall involvement. Some 1,663 had > 5cm tumors. Lymph node involvement was detected in 2,131. Overall survival was less than 5 years in 669 patients, only 324 surviving for more than 10 years, and in the remainder overall survival was in the range of 5-10 years. Conclusions: Tumor size, lymph node metastases, receptor status, her 2 neu positivity, skin involvement, and chest wall involvement have significant effects whereas age and menopausal status have no significant effect on overall survival of breast cancer patients in Pakistan.

Keywords

References

  1. Abedayo A, Onitillo, Jessica M, et al (2009). Breast cancer subtypes based on ER, PR and Her 2 expression : comparison of clinicopathological features and survival. Clinical Medicine and Research, 7, 4-13. https://doi.org/10.3121/cmr.2008.825
  2. Almasri NM, Al Hamad M (2005). Immunohistochemical evaluation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast carcinoma in Jordan. Breast Cancer Res, 7, 598-604. https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr1200
  3. Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute (NORI) (2010-2012) Annual Report. Islamabad, 19.
  4. Asif HM, Sultana S, Akhtar N, et al (2014). Prevalence, risk factors and disease knowledge of breast cancer in Pakistan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 4411-16. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.11.4411
  5. Ayadi L, Khabir A, Amouri H, et al (2008). Correlation of HER- 2 over-expression with clinicopathological parameters in Tunisian breast carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol, 6, 112-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7819-6-112
  6. Bekir K, Mithat C, Chamlibel M, et al (2003). Prognostic factors affecting survival and disease free survival in lymph node negative breast carcinoma. J Sur Oncology, 83, 167-72. https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.10264
  7. Christine L, Carol A, Donald H (1989). Relation of tumor size, lymph node status and survival in 24,740 breast cancer cases. Cancer, 63, 181-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19890101)63:1<181::AID-CNCR2820630129>3.0.CO;2-H
  8. Cianfrocca M, Goldstein LJ (2004). Prognostic and predictive factors in early stage breast cancer. The oncologist, 9, 606-16. https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.9-6-606
  9. Goksu SS, Tastekin D, Arslan D, et al (2014). Clinicopathological features and molecular subtypes of breast cancer in young women (age <35). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 6665-8. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.16.6665
  10. Goldhrisch A, Glick JH, Gelber RD, et al (2005). Meeting highlights: International expert consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer. Ann Oncol, 16, 1659-583.
  11. Goldhrisch A, Wood WC, Geber RD, et al (2007).Progress and promise: highlights of the international expert consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer. Annals of Oncology, 18, 1133-44. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdm271
  12. Goyanes RI, Perez XE, Rodriguez RC, et al (2010). Hormone receptors and other prognostic factors in breast cancer in Cuba. MEDICC review, 12, 36-40.
  13. Guth U, Wight E, Schotzau A, et al (2005). Breast carcinoma with non inflammatory skin involvement T4b: time to abandon an historic relic from TNM classification. Cancer, 104, 1862-70. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.21394
  14. Hussein O, Mosbah M, Farouk O, et al (2013).Hormone receptors and age distibution in breast cancer patients at university hospital in northern Egypt. Breast Cancer: Basic Clin Res, 7, 51-57.
  15. Jafari-Koshki T, Mansourian M, Mokarian F (2014). Exploring factors related to metastasis free survival in breast cancer patients using Bayesian cure models. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 9673-78. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.22.9673
  16. Kaptain S, Tan LK, Chen B (2001). Her-2/neu and breast cancer. DiagnMolPathol, 10, 139-52.
  17. Kariya S, Ogawa Y, Nishioka A, et al (2005). Relationship between hormonal receptors, HER-2, p53 protein, bcl-2, and MIB-1 status and the antitumor effects of neoadjuvantanthracycline-based chemotherapy in invasive breast cancer patients. Radiat Med, 23, 189-94.
  18. Maksimovic S (2009). Prognostic value HER-2/neu expression inT1 to T3 breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastasis, Breast Cancer Res, 11 (Suppl 1), 9.
  19. Meng L, Maskarinec G, Wilkens L (1997). Ethnic differences and factors related to breast cancer survival in Hawaii. Int J Epidemiology, 26, 1151-58. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/26.6.1151
  20. Michaelson JS, Silvesterstein M, Sgroi D, et al (2003). The effect of tumor size and lymph node status on breast carcinoma lethality. Cancer, 98, 2133-43. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.11765
  21. Nair MK, Sankaranarayanan R, Nair KS, et al (1993). Overall survival from breast cancer in Kerala, India, in relation to menstrual, clinical and reproductive factors. Cancer, 71, 1791-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19930301)71:5<1791::AID-CNCR2820710513>3.0.CO;2-W
  22. Rezaienzadeh A, Talei AR, Rejaeefard AR, et al (2012).Vascular invasion as an independent prognostic factor in lymph node negative invasive breast cancer. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 13, 5767-72. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.11.5767
  23. Shim HJ, Kim SH, Kang BJ, et al (2014). Breast cancer recurrence according to molecular subtype. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 5539-44. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.14.5539
  24. Tada K, Morizono H, Iijima K, et al (2008). Skin invasion and prognosis in node negative breast cancer: a retrospective study. World J Surg Oncol, 6.
  25. Vaz-Luis I, Ottessen RA, Hughes ME, et al (2012). Impact of hormone receptor status on breast cancer recurrence and clinical outcomes among patients with human epidermal growth factor 2 positive breast cancer in the National comprehensive cancer network. Breast Cancer Res, 14, R129. https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr3324

Cited by

  1. Fitting Cure Rate Model to Breast Cancer Data of Cancer Research Center vol.16, pp.17, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.17.7923
  2. Interrelationships Between Ki67, HER2/neu, p53, ER, and PR Status and Their Associations With Tumor Grade and Lymph Node Involvement in Breast Carcinoma Subtypes vol.94, pp.32, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000001359
  3. Survival probability and prognostic factors of Iranian breast cancer patients using cure rate model pp.1075122X, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/tbj.13120
  4. Metastatic and triple-negative breast cancer: challenges and treatment options vol.8, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-018-0551-3