Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Characteristics of Fish Fauna in the Lower Geum River and Identification of Trophic Guilds using Stable Isotopes Analysis

금강하류의 어류상 및 안정동위원소 분석을 이용한 섭식길드 파악

  • Yoon, Ju-Duk (Biological Resource Center, Kongju National University) ;
  • Park, Sang-Hyeon (Department of Biology Education, Kongju National University) ;
  • Chang, Kwang-Hyeon (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Choi, Jong-Yun (Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University) ;
  • Joo, Gea-Jae (Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University) ;
  • Nam, Gui-Sook (Rural Research Institute, Korea Rural Community Corporation) ;
  • Yoon, Johee (Geum-River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Jang, Min-Ho (Department of Biology Education, Kongju National University)
  • 윤주덕 (공주대학교 생물자원센타) ;
  • 박상현 (공주대학교 생물교육과) ;
  • 장광현 (경희대학교 환경학 및 환경공학과) ;
  • 최종윤 (부산대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 주기재 (부산대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 남귀숙 (한국농어촌공사 농어촌연구원) ;
  • 윤조희 (국립환경과학원 금강물환경연구소) ;
  • 장민호 (공주대학교 생물교육과)
  • Received : 2014.11.27
  • Accepted : 2015.03.02
  • Published : 2015.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Fish fauna, difference of stable isotope ratio between freshwater and seawater, and trophic guilds of freshwater fishes were investigated in the lower Geum River. The study was conducted in 2011, and total study area was about 30 km of 20 km upstream and 10 km downstream from the Geum River estuary barrage. Only freshwater fishes were used for analyzing trophic guilds, and discriminant function analysis (DFA) was utilized to reclassify trophic guilds based on stable isotope ratio. Fish fauna in freshwater and seawater areas were entirely different each other, but small number of migratory species such as Coilia nasus and Chelon haematocheilus occurred both areas. Other species were not collected in the different areas because they did not have physiological ability to adapt different salinity concentrations. Stable isotope ration of two areas were different considerably due to food sources. Estuary and seawater fishes uptake food sources originated from marine, and freshwater fishes were from freshwater and terrestrial. Some migratory species showed reverse stable isotope ratio. Even though they collected in freshwater, they showed stable isotope ratio of seawater. This is because ecological characteristics of each species. Trophic guilds of freshwater fishes were reclassified by DFA, and showed slight difference with literatures. However, because this result is related with ontogenetic shift of species, more studies are needed to explain exact and correct trophic guilds. Stable isotope ratio can be changed among regions, seasons and ontogenetic stage, thus we always consider these aspects when analyzing results to get a right answer.

본 연구에서는 금강의 먹이망 연구를 위한 기초작업으로 금강 하류에서 출현한 어류만을 대상으로 어류상, 담수역과 해수역에 출현하는 어류의 안정동위원소 차이, 담수어류의 섭식길드에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 금강 하류지역을 대상으로 2011년 연구를 진행하였으며, 하구둑 기준 상류 20 km, 하류 10 km 구간에서 채집된 어류를 분석에 사용하였다. 섭식길드의 분석은 담수어류만을 대상으로 시행하였으며, 문헌연구를 통해 보고된 섭식길드의 적절성 여부를 판별분석을 통해 확인하였다. 연구결과 하구둑 상류와 하구둑 하류의 어류상은 완전한 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, 일부 회유성 어종 (웅어, 가숭어)들만 양측에서 모두 출현하는 것으로 나타났다. 안정동위원소 분석에서도 하구둑을 기준으로 상류와 하류에 서식하는 종들의 수치가 완전히 다르게 나타났다. 하구둑 하류에서 채집된 개체들의 경우 기수 및 해양 기원의 먹이를 선호하고 담수종의 경우 담수 기원의 먹이를 선호하기 때문으로 판단된다. 일부 회유성 종의경우 담수에서는 해수 신호가 해수에서는 담수신호가 감지되었는데 이는 생태적 특성에 의한 것으로 사료된다. 판별분석 결과 섭식길드는 문헌과 약간 차이가 나타나는 것으로 확인되었는데 이는 개체 발생 단계에 의한 결과일 것으로 판단되며, 관련된 추가적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 특히 안정동위원소의 경우 지역, 시기, 발생단계에 따라 동일 종이라 할지라도 차이가 존재하기 때문에 이러한 부분을 항상 고려하여야 하며, 가능하다면 지역별로 개체를 분석하여 섭식길드를 제시하는것이 지역의 어류와 관련된 연구에 있어서 효율적일 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Abrantes K and M Sheaves. 2009. Food web structure in a nearpristine mangrove area of the Australian Wet Tropics. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 82:597-607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2009.02.021
  2. Abrantes KG, A Barnett and S Bouillon. 2014. Stable isotopebased community metrics as a tool to identify patterns in food web structure in east African estuaries. Funct. Ecol. 28: 270-282. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12155
  3. Bayley PB. 1988. Factors affecting growth rates of young tropical floodplain fishes: seasonality and density-dependence. Environ. Biol. Fish. 21:127-142. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00004848
  4. Burress ED, A Duarte, MM Gangloff and L Siefferman. 2012. Isotopic trophic guild structure of a diverse subtropical South American fish community. Ecol. Freshw. Fish 22:66-72.
  5. Cho HY, KH Ra and SU Hong. 1978. A study on the relationship of the physical and chemical environmental factors and benthos in the Keum River water. Korean J. Limnol. 11:7-15.
  6. Coat S, D Monti, C Bouchon and G Lepoint. 2009. Trophic relationships in a tropical stream food web assessed by stable isotope analysis. Freshw. Biol. 54:1028-1041. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02149.x
  7. Cucherousset J, JC Aymes, F Santoul and R Cereghino. 2007. Stable isotope evidence of trophic interactions between introduced brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and native brown trout Salmo trutta in a mountain stream of south-west France. J. Fish Biol. 71(Suppl. D):210-223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01675.x
  8. Cunjak RA, JM Roussel, MA Gray, JP Dietrich, DF Cartwright, KR Munkittrick and TD Jardine. 2005. Using stable isotope analysis with telemetry or mark-recapture data to identify fish movement and foraging. Oecologia 144:636-646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0101-9
  9. Dou SZ, D Yokouchi, X Yu, L Cao, M Kuroki, T Otake and K Tsukamoto. 2012. The migratory history of anadromous and non-anadromous tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus in the Yangtze River Estuary revealed by the otolith Sr:Ca ratio. Environ. Biol. Fish. 95:481-490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-012-0042-1
  10. Ge KK and JS Zhong. 2010. Daily-age structure and growth characteristics of Coilia nasus larvae and juveniles in the surf zone of Yangtze River Estuary. Acta Hydrobiol. Sinica 34:716-721 (in Chinese with English abstract).
  11. Gehrke PC, DM Gilligan and M Barwick. 2002. Changes in fish community of the Shoalhaven River 20 years after construction of Tallowa dam, Australia. River Res. Appl. 18:265-286. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.669
  12. Habit E, MC Belk and O Parra. 2007. Response of the riverine fish community to the construction and operation of a diversion hydropower plant in central Chile. Aquat. Conserv. 17: 37-49. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.774
  13. Hadwen WL, GL Russel and AH Arthington. 2007. Gut contentand stable isotope-derived diets of four commercially and recreationally important fish species in two intermittently open estuaries. Mar. Freshw. Res. 58:363-375. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF06157
  14. Hansson S, JE Hobbie, R Elmgren, U Larsson, B Fry and S Johansson. 1997. The stable nitrogen isotope ratio as a marker of food-web interactions and fish migration. Ecology 78: 2249-2257. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[2249:TSNIRA]2.0.CO;2
  15. Hellmann C, B Wissel and C Winkelmann. 2013. Omnivores as seasonally important predators in a stream food web. Freshw. Sci. 32:548-562. https://doi.org/10.1899/12-020.1
  16. Hobson KA. 1999. Tracing origins and migration of wildlife using stable isotopes: a review. Oecologia 120:314-326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050865
  17. Hwang GH, SR Jeon, MO Kim and CS Hoang. 1992. Fish fauna of the lower area of Kum-river. J. Basic Sci. 6:53-74.
  18. Jepsen DB and KO Winemiller. 2002. Structure of tropical river food webs revealed by stable isotope ratios. Oikos 96:46-55. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.960105.x
  19. Johansson F, P Radman and Andersson. 2006. The relationship between ontogeny, morphology, and diet in the Chinese hook snout carp (Opsariichthys bidens). Ichthyol. Res. 53:63-69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-005-0316-0
  20. Kim IS and JY Park. 2002. Freshwater fish of Korea. KyoHak Publishing. Seoul.
  21. Lebreton B, P Richard, EP Parlier, G Guillou and GF Blanchard. 2011. Trophic ecology of mullets during their spring migration in a European saltmarsh: A stable isotope study. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 91:502-510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2010.12.001
  22. Lee CL. 1992. The variations of the fish community after dam construction of the Kum River Estuary. Korean J. Limnol. 25:193-204.
  23. Li WX, R Song, SG Wu, H Zou, P Nie and GT Wang. 2011. Seasonal occurrence of helminthes in the anadromous fish Coilia nasus (Engraulidae): parasite indicators of fish migratory movements. J. Parasitol. 97:192-196. https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-2621.1
  24. Litvin SY and MP Weinstein. 2004. Multivariate analysis of stable-isotope ratios to infer movements and utilization of estuarine organic matter by juvenile weakfish (Cynoscion regalis). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 61:1851-1861. https://doi.org/10.1139/f04-121
  25. Lucas MC and E Baras. 2001. Migration of Freshwater Fishes. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
  26. Martinez PJ, TE Chart, MA Trammell, JG Wullschleger and EP Bergersen. 1994. Fish species composition before and after construction of a main stem reservoir on the White River, Colorado. Environ. Biol. Fish. 40:227-239. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00002509
  27. McCutchan Jr JG, WM Lewis Jr, C Kendall and CC McGrath. 2003. Variation in trophic shift for stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfer. Oikos 102:378-390. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12098.x
  28. Michener RH and DM Schell. 1994. Stable isotope ratios as tracers in marine aquatic food webs. pp.138-157. In Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science (Lajtha K and RH Michener eds.). Blackwell Scientific Publications. Oxford.
  29. Nelson JS. 1994. Fishes of the World. John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York.
  30. Park SU. 2009. Habitat and spawning of green eel goby (Tanioides rubicundus) distributed in the Sunchun Bay. Master thesis, Chonnam National University.
  31. Post DM. 2002. Using stable isotopes to estimate trophic position: models, methods and assumptions. Ecology 83:703-718. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[0703:USITET]2.0.CO;2
  32. Smit AJ. 2001. Source identification in marine ecosystems. pp. 219-245. In Stable Isotope Techniques in the Study of Biological Processes and Functioning of Ecosystems (Unkovich M, J Pate, A Mcneill and DJ Gibbs eds.). Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht.
  33. Wantzen KM, FA Machado, M Voss, H Boriss and WJ Junk. 2002. Seasonal isotopic shifts in fish of the Pantanal wetland, Brazil. Aquat. Sci. 64:239-251. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00013196
  34. Winemiller KO. 1990. Spatial and temporal variation in tropical fish trophic networks. Ecol. Monogr. 60:331-367. https://doi.org/10.2307/1943061
  35. Yang HS and SS Kim. 1990. Characteristics of spatio-temporal variation of the water quality in the Lower Keum River. Bull, Korean Fish. Soc. 23:225-237.