DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The cross-sectional relationship between dietary calcium intake and metabolic syndrome among men and women aged 40 or older in rural areas of Korea

  • Shin, Song Kyoung (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University) ;
  • Kim, Mi Kyung (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University) ;
  • Lee, Young-Hoon (Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine) ;
  • Shin, Dong Hoon (Department of Preventive Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center) ;
  • Shin, Min-Ho (Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School) ;
  • Chun, Byung-Yeol (Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, and Health Promotion Research Center, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Choi, Bo Youl (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University)
  • Received : 2014.07.03
  • Accepted : 2015.01.15
  • Published : 2015.06.01

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Studies conducted in Western populations have suggested that dietary calcium may protect against metabolic abnormalities, but there is little evidence of this effect in Asians, who have relatively low calcium intake. We evaluated the cross-sectional relationship between dietary calcium and metabolic syndrome among Korean men and women aged 40 years and over. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 6,375 subjects aged 40 years and over and were recruited between January 2005 and February 2010 from the baseline study of the Multi-Rural Communities Cohort Study in Rural Communities (MRCohort). A food frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary information. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the modified criteria published in the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel. RESULTS: Calcium intake was related inversely to metabolic syndrome in women (P-value = 0.0091), but not in men (P = 0.1842). Among metabolic components, high waist circumference (WC) (P = 0.0426) and high blood glucose (P = 0.0027) in women and hypertriglyceridemia (P = 0.0017) in men were inversely correlated with calcium intake. Excluding those who used calcium or multinutrient supplements did not attenuate the relationship between dietary calcium and metabolic abnormalities. CONCLUSION: Dietary calcium intake from foods may be inversely related to metabolic syndrome, WC, and blood glucose among women in rural areas of Korea.

Keywords

References

  1. Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet 2005;365:1415-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66378-7
  2. Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Parise H, Sullivan L, Meigs JB. Metabolic syndrome as a precursor of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 2005;112:3066-72. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.539528
  3. Lusis AJ, Attie AD, Reue K. Metabolic syndrome: from epidemiology to systems biology. Nat Rev Genet 2008;9:819-30. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2468
  4. Riccardi G, Giacco R, Rivellese AA. Dietary fat, insulin sensitivity and the metabolic syndrome. Clin Nutr 2004;23:447-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2004.02.006
  5. Liu S, Song Y, Ford ES, Manson JE, Buring JE, Ridker PM. Dietary calcium, vitamin D, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older U.S. women. Diabetes Care 2005;28:2926-32. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.28.12.2926
  6. Azadbakht L, Mirmiran P, Esmaillzadeh A, Azizi F. Dairy consumption is inversely associated with the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Tehranian adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:523-30. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/82.3.523
  7. Vaskonen T. Dietary minerals and modification of cardiovascular risk factors. J Nutr Biochem 2003;14:492-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(03)00074-3
  8. Beydoun MA, Gary TL, Caballero BH, Lawrence RS, Cheskin LJ, Wang Y. Ethnic differences in dairy and related nutrient consumption among US adults and their association with obesity, central obesity, and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:1914-25. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/87.6.1914
  9. Cho GJ, Park HT, Shin JH, Hur JY, Kim YT, Kim SH, Lee KW, Kim T. Calcium intake is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women: Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2001 and 2005. Menopause 2009;16:992-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e31819e23cb
  10. Zemel MB. Nutritional and endocrine modulation of intracellular calcium: implications in obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension. Mol Cell Biochem 1998;188:129-36. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006880708475
  11. Zemel MB. Calcium modulation of hypertension and obesity: mechanisms and implications. J Am Coll Nutr 2001;20:428S-435S. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2001.10719180
  12. Sook M. Food consumption trends and nutrition transition in Korea. Malays J Nutr 2003;9:7-17.
  13. Wang Y, Li S. Worldwide trends in dairy production and consumption and calcium intake: is promoting consumption of dairy products a sustainable solution for inadequate calcium intake? Food Nutr Bull 2008;29:172-85. https://doi.org/10.1177/156482650802900303
  14. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea Health Statistics 2009: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV-3). Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2010.
  15. Cheung BM. The cardiovascular continuum in Asia--a new paradigm for the metabolic syndrome. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2005;46:125-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.fjc.0000171752.43564.35
  16. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972;18:499-502.
  17. Lee SY, Park HS, Kim DJ, Han JH, Kim SM, Cho GJ, Kim DY, Kwon HS, Kim SR, Lee CB, Oh SJ, Park CY, Yoo HJ. Appropriate waist circumference cutoff points for central obesity in Korean adults. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007;75:72-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2006.04.013
  18. International Diabetes Federation (BE). The IDF Consensus Worldwide Definition of the Metabolic Syndrome. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2006.
  19. Ahn Y, Kwon E, Shim JE, Park MK, Joo Y, Kimm K, Park C, Kim DH. Validation and reproducibility of food frequency questionnaire for Korean genome epidemiologic study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007;61: 1435-41. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602657
  20. National Rural Living Science Institute (KR). Food Composition Table. 6th ed. Suwon: National Rural Living Science Institute; 2001.
  21. Samara A, Herbeth B, Ndiaye NC, Fumeron F, Billod S, Siest G, Visvikis-Siest S. Dairy product consumption, calcium intakes, and metabolic syndrome-related factors over 5 years in the STANISLAS study. Nutrition 2013;29:519-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2012.08.013
  22. Ma B, Lawson AB, Liese AD, Bell RA, Mayer-Davis EJ. Dairy, magnesium, and calcium intake in relation to insulin sensitivity: approaches to modeling a dose-dependent association. Am J Epidemiol 2006;164:449-58. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwj246
  23. Drouillet P, Balkau B, Charles MA, Vol S, Bedouet M, Ducimetiere P; Desir Study Group. Calcium consumption and insulin resistance syndrome parameters. Data from the Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2007;17:486-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2007.01.006
  24. Richart T, Thijs L, Nawrot T, Yu J, Kuznetsova T, Balkestein EJ, Struijker-Boudier HA, Staessen JA. The metabolic syndrome and carotid intima-media thickness in relation to the parathyroid hormone to 25-OH-D(3) ratio in a general population. Am J Hypertens 2011;24:102-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajh.2010.124
  25. Huang L, Xue J, He Y, Wang J, Sun C, Feng R, Teng J, He Y, Li Y. Dietary calcium but not elemental calcium from supplements is associated with body composition and obesity in Chinese women. PLoS One 2011;6:e27703. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027703
  26. Jacqmain M, Doucet E, Despres JP, Bouchard C, Tremblay A. Calcium intake, body composition, and lipoprotein-lipid concentrations in adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77:1448-52. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/77.6.1448
  27. Zemel MB, Shi H, Greer B, Dirienzo D, Zemel PC. Regulation of adiposity by dietary calcium. FASEB J 2000;14:1132-8. https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.14.9.1132
  28. Davies KM, Heaney RP, Recker RR, Lappe JM, Barger-Lux MJ, Rafferty K, Hinders S. Calcium intake and body weight. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:4635-8.
  29. Pittas AG, Dawson-Hughes B, Li T, Van Dam RM, Willett WC, Manson JE, Hu FB. Vitamin D and calcium intake in relation to type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetes Care 2006;29:650-6. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.29.03.06.dc05-1961
  30. Villegas R, Gao YT, Dai Q, Yang G, Cai H, Li H, Zheng W, Shu XO. Dietary calcium and magnesium intakes and the risk of type 2 diabetes: the Shanghai Women's Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89:1059-67. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2008.27182
  31. Allender PS, Cutler JA, Follmann D, Cappuccio FP, Pryer J, Elliott P. Dietary calcium and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Ann Intern Med 1996;124:825-31. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-9-199605010-00007
  32. Wang L, Manson JE, Buring JE, Lee IM, Sesso HD. Dietary intake of dairy products, calcium, and vitamin D and the risk of hypertension in middle-aged and older women. Hypertension 2008;51: 1073-9. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.107821
  33. van Meijl LE, Vrolix R, Mensink RP. Dairy product consumption and the metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res Rev 2008;21:148-57. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422408116997
  34. Heaney RP. Estrogen-calcium interactions in the postmenopause: a quantitative description. Bone Miner 1990;11:67-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-6009(90)90016-9
  35. Abrams SA. Calcium turnover and nutrition through the life cycle. Proc Nutr Soc 2001;60:283-9.
  36. Jorde R, Sundsfjord J, Bonaa KH. Determinants of serum calcium in men and women. The Tromso Study. Eur J Epidemiol 2001;17:1117-23. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021272831251
  37. Brot C, Jorgensen NR, Sorensen OH. The influence of smoking on vitamin D status and calcium metabolism. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;53: 920-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600870
  38. Conde FA, Aronson WJ. Risk factors for male osteoporosis. Urol Oncol 2003;21:380-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1078-1439(03)00109-1
  39. Kim MH, Bu SY, Choi MK. Daily calcium intake and its relation to blood pressure, blood lipids, and oxidative stress biomarkers in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Nutr Res Pract 2012;6: 421-8. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2012.6.5.421
  40. Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ, Galioto A, Ferlisi A, Cani C, Malfa L, Pineo A, Busardo' A, Paolisso G. Role of magnesium in insulin action, diabetes and cardio-metabolic syndrome X. Mol Aspects Med 2003;24:39-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-2997(02)00090-0
  41. Shahkhalili Y, Murset C, Meirim I, Duruz E, Guinchard S, Cavadini C, Acheson K. Calcium supplementation of chocolate: effect on cocoa butter digestibility and blood lipids in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:246-52. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/73.2.246
  42. Kim K, Yang YJ, Kim K, Kim MK. Interactions of single nucleotide polymorphisms with dietary calcium intake on the risk of metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;95:231-40. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.022749

Cited by

  1. Low consumption of fruits and dairy foods is associated with metabolic syndrome in Korean adults from outpatient clinics in and near Seoul vol.9, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2015.9.5.554
  2. Dairy consumption is associated with a lower incidence of the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older Korean adults: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) vol.117, pp.01, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1017/S000711451600444X
  3. The association of vitamin D status and dietary calcium intake with individual components of the metabolic syndrome vol.6, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000133
  4. Dietary total, animal, vegetable calcium and type 2 diabetes incidence among Korean adults: The Korean Multi-Rural Communities Cohort (MRCohort) vol.27, pp.12, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2017.10.005
  5. Nutrient-Derived Dietary Patterns and Their Association With Metabolic Syndrome in a Japanese Population vol.28, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.je20170010
  6. Associations of Nutrient Patterns with the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome: Results from the Baseline Data of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study vol.11, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11050990
  7. Dietary calcium intake and the risk of metabolic syndrome: evidence from observational studies vol.22, pp.11, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019000247
  8. Dietary Calcium Intake and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis vol.9, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55507-x
  9. Role of dietary calcium and its possible mechanism against metabolic disorders: A concise review vol.45, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13697