Korean Journal of Materials Research (한국재료학회지)

Materials Research Society of Korea (한국재료학회)
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Fabrication and Characterization of Pitch/Cokes/Natural Graphite Composites as Anode Materials for High-Power Lithium Secondary Batteries

고출력 리튬이온 이차전지 음극재용 피치/코크스/천연흑연 복합재의 제조 및 전기화학적 특성평가

  • Ko, Hyo Joon (Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Myongji University) ;
  • Lim, Yun-Soo (Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Myongji University) ;
  • Kim, Myung-Soo (Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University)
  • Received : 2015.04.02
  • Accepted : 2015.05.27
  • Published : 2015.06.27
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Abstract

In order to prepare anode materials for high power lithium ion secondary batteries, carbon composites were fabricated with a mixture of petroleum pitch and coke (PC) and a mixture of petroleum pitch, coke, and natural graphite (PC-NG). Although natural graphite has a good reversible capacity, it has disadvaantages of a sharp decrease in capacity during high rate charging and potential plateaus. This may cause difficulties in perceiving the capacity variations as a function of electrical potential. The coke anodes have advantages without potential plateaus and a high rate capability, but they have a low reversible capacity. With PC anode composites, the petroleum pitch/cokes mixture at 1:4 with heat treatment at $1000^{\circ}C$ (PC14-1000C) showed relatively high electrochemical properties. With PC-NG anode composites, the proper graphite contents were determined at 10~30 wt.%. The composites with a given content of natural graphite and remaining content of various petroleum pitch/cokes mixtures at 1:4~4:1 mass ratios were heated at $800{\sim}1200^{\circ}C$. By increasing the content of petroleum pitch, reversible capacity increased, but a high rate capability decreased. For a given composition of carbonaceous composite, the discharge rate capability improved but the reversible capacity decreased with an increase in heat treatment temperature. The carbonaceous composites fabricated with a mixture of 30 wt.% natural graphite and 70 wt.% petroleum pitch/cokes mixture at 1:4 mass ratio and heat treated at $1000^{\circ}C$ showed relatively high electrochemical properties, of which the reversible capacity, initial efficiency, discharge rate capability (retention of discharge capacity in 10 C/0.2 C), and charge capacity at 5 C were 330 mAh/g, 79 %, 80 %, and 60 mAh/g, respectively.

Keywords

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