Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers (한국해안·해양공학회논문집)

Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers (한국해안·해양공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Regional Classification of Tidal Regime using Characteristics of Astronomical Tides, Overtides and Compound Tides in the Han River Estuary, Gyeonggi Bay

천문조, 배조 및 복합조 특성을 이용한 경기만 한강하구 구역별 조석체계 분류

  • Yoon, Byung Il (Department of Ocean Science, College of Natural Science Inha University) ;
  • Woo, Seung-Buhm (Department of Ocean Science, College of Natural Science Inha University) ;
  • Kim, Jong Wook (Department of Ocean Science, College of Natural Science Inha University) ;
  • Song, Jin Il (Department of Ocean Science, College of Natural Science Inha University)
  • Received : 2015.05.04
  • Accepted : 2015.05.22
  • Published : 2015.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, we investigate tidal wave propagation characteristics, and classify regional tidal regime using tidal form number considered distribution of astronomical tide, overtides, and compound tides in the Han River Estuary, Gyeonggi Bay. The characteristics of the tidal wave propagation in main channels show dominance of major tidal constituents (e.g., $M_2$, $S_2$, $N_2$, $K_1$ and $O_1$) contributing to the astronomical tide however, distinct increasing of shallow water (e.g., $M_4$) and long period (e.g., $MS_f$) components toward up-estuary. Using the characteristics of tidal form number to astronomical tide, overtides, and compound tides, the regional tidal regime could be assorted into three regions. Firstly, a dominance area of astronomical tide was presented from open sea to a front of Incheon Harbor (Yeomha channel) and to north entrance of Seokmo channel. The area between south and north entrance of Yeomha channel and Ganghaw north channel classified into zone of showing strong shallow water components. It could be separated into upper estuary, upstream the Singok underwater dam, showed dominance of shallow overtides (e.g., $M_4$ and $MS_4$) water and long-term compound tides (e.g., $MS_f$) larger magnitude than astronomical tide. The shallow water components was earlier generated in lower part (south entrance) of Yeomha channel have strong bottom by effect of shallower and narrower compared with Seokmo channel. Tidal asymmetries of upper estuary cause by a development of overtides and compound tides are mainly controlled by influence of man-made structure.

경기만 한강하구에서 주요 수로의 조석 전파 특성을 이용하여, 천문조, 배조 및 복합조의 분포를 파악하고, 조석 형태수의 특징에 따라 구역별 조석체계 (tidal regime)를 분류하였다. 주요 수로에서 보이는 조석 전파 특성은 외해는 천문조로 대표되는 5대분조 (e.g., $M_2$, $S_2$, $N_2$, $K_1$ 및 $O_1$)가 지배적이지만, 상류로 진입할수록 천해 분조 (e.g., $M_4$)와 장주기 분조 (e.g., $MS_f$)의 뚜렷한 증가가 보인다. 반일주조 성분이 우세한 경기만 및 한강하구에서 천문조, 배조 및 복합조를 이용하여 제시된 조석 형태수 (tidal form number)의 특성에 따라 크게 3구역으로 분류하였다. 1구역은 천문조가 우세한 지역으로 외해에서 인천항 전면까지 (염하수로), 외해에서 석모수로의 북쪽 입구로 제시된다. 2구역은 염하수로 남쪽 입구에서 북쪽 입구까지와 강화 북수로 지역으로 단주기 천해 분조 (e.g., $M_4$와 $MS_4$)가 강하게 나타나는 지역이다. 마지막으로 3구역은 신곡 수중보 이후부터 한강 상류지역으로 장주기 복합조 (e.g., $MS_f$)가 제일 우세한 지역이다. 일반적인 하구와 마찬가지로 한강하구의 조석 비선형성은 지형적 특성에 기인한 천해 분조가 증가를 하며, 1/4일주기 (fourth-diurnal) 및 장주기 (long-term period) 분조의 확연한 분포 차이를 보인다. 특히, 수중보의 영향은 구조물의 상류와 하류지점의 조석체계에 지대한 변화를 일으킨다.

Keywords

References

  1. Baek, K. O. and Yim, D. H. (2011). Flow Characteristics Induced by Shift and Modification of Submerged Weir at Han River Estuary. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 28(2B). 109-119 (in Korean).
  2. Byun, D. S. and Cho, Y. K. (2006). Double peak-flood current asymmetry in a shallow-water-constituent dominated embayment with a macro-tidal flat, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L16613, doi:10.1029/2006GL026967.
  3. Chang, H. D. and Oh, J. K. (1991). Depositional sedimentary environments in the Han River estuary and around the Kyunggi Bay posterior to the Han River's development. Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography 26, 13-23 (in Korean).
  4. Defant, A. (1961). Physical oceanography, vol II. Pergamon, New York.
  5. Dronkers, J. J. (1986). Tidal asymmetry and estuarine morphology. Journal of sea research, 20, 117-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/0077-7579(86)90036-0
  6. Dyer, K. R. (1997). Chapter 3 Tides in Estuaries Estuaries: A Physical Introduction 2nd Edition (Ed: Dyer, K.R.) John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 195.
  7. Friedrichs, C. T. and Aubrey, D. G. (1988). Non-linear tidal distortion in shallow well-mixed estuaries: A synthesis, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 27, 521-545. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(88)90082-0
  8. Gallo, M. N. and Vinzon, S. B. (2005). Generation of overtides and compound tides in Amazon estuary, Ocean Dynam., 55, 441-448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-005-0003-8
  9. Kang, J. W. and Jun, K. S. (2003). Flood and ebb dominance in estuaries in Korea. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 56, 187-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00156-7
  10. Kim, H. S. (1997). Numerical modeling of tidal dynamics and salinity distributions in Gyounggi Bay. MS Thesis, Inha University, Incheon, Korea (in Korean).
  11. Kjerfve, B. (1981). Tides of the Caribbean Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 86, 4243-4247. https://doi.org/10.1029/JC086iC05p04243
  12. Koh, C.-H. and Khim, J. S. (2014). The Korean tidal flat of the Yellow Sea: Physical setting, ecosystem and management. Ocean Coastal Manage., 102(Part B), 398-414: doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.07.008
  13. Le Provost, C. (1991). Generation of overtides and compound tides (review). In: Tidal hydrodynamics, (Ed: Parker, B.B.) John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 269-295.
  14. LeBlond, P. H. (1966). On tidal propagation in shallow rivers. J. Geohhys. Res., 83, 4717-4721.
  15. Lee, K. H., Rho, B. H., Jho, H. J. and Lee, C.-H. (2011). Estuary classification Based on the Characteristics of Geomorphological Features, Natural Habitat Distribution and Land Uses. The Sea, Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography. 16(2), 5369.
  16. McLusky, D. S. and Elliott, M. (2004). The Estuarine Ecosystem: Ecology, Threats and Management, third ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 216
  17. Ministry of oceans and fisheries (2001). Study of the tide influence on the Han and Imjin River estuary. BSPM 00080-00-1345-2, 542.
  18. Ministry of oceans and fisheries (2002). Study of the tide influence on the Han and Imjin River estuary (II). BSPM 12800-1463-2, 452.
  19. Parker, B. B. (1991). The relative importance of the various nonlinear mechanism in a wide range of tidal interactions (review). In: Tidal hydrodynamics, (Ed: Parker, B.B.) John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 237-268.
  20. Pugh, D. T. (1987). Tides, surges and mean sea level: a handbook for engineers and scientists, New York: John Wiley. 472.
  21. Song, D., Wang, X. H., Kiss, A. E. and Bao, X. (2011). The contribution to tidal asymmetry by different combinations of tidal constituents. J. Geophys. Res., 116, C12007, doi:10.1029/2011JC007270.
  22. Song, Y. S. and Woo, S. B. (2011). Periodic characteristics of long period tidal current by variation of the tide deformation around the Yeomha Waterway. Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers, 23(5), 393-400 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.9765/KSCOE.2011.23.5.393
  23. Warner, J. C., Schoellhamer, D. and Schladow, G. (2003). Tidal truncation and barotropic convergence in a channel network tidally driven from opposing entrances. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 56, 629-639. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00213-5
  24. Yoon, B. I. and Woo, S. B. (2011). Study on relationship between geographical convergence and bottom friction at the major waterways in Han River Estuary using the tidal wave propagation characteristics. Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers, 23(5), 383-392 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.9765/KSCOE.2011.23.5.383
  25. Yoon, B. I. and Woo, S. B. (2012a). Analysis of tidal asymmetry and flood/ebb dominance around Yeomha Channel in the Han River Estuary. J. Korea Water Researcues Assoc., 45, 915-928 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2012.45.9.915
  26. Yoon, B. I. and Woo, S. B. (2012b). Relation of freshwater discharge and salinity distribution on tidal variation around the Yeomha channel, Han River Estuary. Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers, 24(4), 269-276 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.9765/KSCOE.2012.24.4.269

Cited by

  1. Sea Level Change due to Nonlinear Tides in Coastal Region vol.29, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.9765/KSCOE.2017.29.5.228