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Physicochemical Characteristics and Sensory Properties of Commercial Mukeunji Products

국내 시판 묵은지의 이화학적 및 관능적 특성

  • Hur, Sung-Won (Department of Nutritional Science & Food Management, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Ko, Myeung-Sin (Department of Nutritional Science & Food Management, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Ran (Department of Nutritional Science & Food Management, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Lee, Hye-Ran (Department of Food & Nutrition, Baewha Women's University) ;
  • Chung, Seo-Jin (Department of Nutritional Science & Food Management, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Cho, Mi-Sook (Department of Nutritional Science & Food Management, Ewha Womans University)
  • 허성원 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 고명신 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김미란 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이혜란 (배화여자대학교 식품영양과) ;
  • 정서진 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 조미숙 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2014.12.24
  • Accepted : 2015.01.23
  • Published : 2015.05.31

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of commercial Mukeunji product along with its sensory properties. Six different types of commercial Mukeunji products were purchased through an on-line market, and each product had a different fermentation period. General commercial Baechu Kimchi was compared with commercial Mukeunji products in order to standardize quality properties of Mukeunji. As a result, commercial Mukeunji showed a lower pH value (pH 3.96, mean value) than commercial Baechu Kimchi (pH 5.92), whereas commercial Mukeunji samples showed higher acidity and salinity. Color values (L, a, and b) of commercial Mukeunji decreased as the storage period increased. Hardness and thickness of commercial Mukeunji showed a lower range compared to Baechu Kimchi. The reducing sugar content decreased as the storage period of commercial Mukeunji increased. Acetic, lactic, and succinic acids were detected in commercial Mukeunji samples, whereas citric acid and malic acid were additionally detected in Baechu Kimchi. Commercial Mukeunji samples showed lower contents of acetic and succinic acid and higher content of lactic acid than Baechu Kimchi. Commercial Mukeunji samples showed a significant difference in all descriptive sensory attributes except for bitterness. Overall intensity, sourness, moldy odor, redness, sour smell, saltiness, and carbonated taste increased as the storage period increased, whereas cabbage flavor, crispiness, sweetness, firmness, and savory taste decreased as the storage period increased.

숙성기간별 시판 묵은지와 일반 숙성 시판 배추김치의 품질 및 관능적 특성을 분석하여 묵은지의 품질규격 표준화와 개발에 기초 자료로 제공하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 분석 결과 pH의 경우 시판 묵은지는 3.69~4.22의 분포를 나타냈으며, 산도의 경우 2.94~1.71%의 범위를 보였다. 반면 시판 배추김치의 pH와 산도는 각각 pH 5.92와 0.28%로 시판 묵은지에 비해 pH는 높은 값을 보였고, 산도의 경우 낮은 값을 나타냈다. 또한 제조회사가 동일한 경우 숙성기간이 길어짐에 따라 pH는 감소한 반면 산도는 증가하였다. 시판 묵은지의 평균 염도는 2.22%를 나타내 시판 배추김치의 염도인 1.79% 보다 현저히 높은 염도를 나타냈으며 제조회사가 동일한 경우 저장기간이 길어질수록 염도는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 전통적인 묵은지 제조방법에 있어서 장기저장으로 인한 연부 현상을 방지하기 위해 일반 김치의 1~1.5% 높게 담근다는 선행연구와 유사한 결과를 나타냈다. 색도의 경우 L(밝기), a(적색도), b(황색도) 값은 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 시판 배추김치의 L값은 60.14로 시판 묵은지의 평균 L값인 37.09보다 현저히 큰 값을 나타냈다. 조직감의 경우 시판 묵은지의 강도와 두께 모두 숙성기간이 길어질수록 감소하였다. 묵은지의 강도는 2.11~3.43 kgf의 분포를 나타냈으며 시판 배추김치의 강도인 3.51 kgf와 비교하여 낮은 강도를 나타냈다. 두께의 경우 시판 배추김치는 7.64 mm로 시판 묵은지의 평균 두께인 5.34 mm와 비교하여 2.0 mm 이상 두꺼웠다. 환원당 함량은 제조회사가 동일한 경우 숙성기간이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 숙성기간이 3년이었던 H3 시료의 환원당 함량은 2.78 mg/mL로 시판 배추김치(13.11 mg/mL)와 비교하여 현저히 낮은 값을 보였다. 시판 묵은지의 유기산 분석 결과 acetic acid, lactic acid와 succinic acid가 검출되었다. Acetic acid와 succinic acid의 경우 제조회사가 동일한 경우 숙성기간이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 반면 lactic acid의 경우 시판 배추김치에선 검출되지 않았으나 시판 묵은지 시료에선 평균 533.33 mg/100 g의 함량을 나타내며 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 급격하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 시판 묵은지 6종의 묘사 분석 결과 쓴맛을 제외한 모든 관능적 특성에서 시료 간 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다(P<0.05). 동일한 제조회사의 경우 숙성기간이 길어질수록 전반적 맛 강도가 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 숙성기간이 길어짐에 따라 동일한 제조회사의 경우 쉰내, 신맛, 탄산감, 무른 정도와 같은 특성은 증가하는 경향을 보인 반면 단맛, 감칠맛, 탄산감, 배추 향미, 아삭한 정도, 단단한 정도와 같은 특성에선 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다.

Keywords

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