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Determine the effects of drying temperature on the quality change and antioxidant activity characteristics of blueberry

건조 온도에 따른 블루베리의 품질변화 및 항산화특성

  • Shin, Dong-Sun (Petitami R&D) ;
  • Yoo, Yeon-Mi (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Adminstration) ;
  • Kim, Ha-Yun (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Adminstration) ;
  • Han, Gwi-Jung (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Adminstration)
  • Received : 2015.06.08
  • Accepted : 2015.07.15
  • Published : 2015.08.30

Abstract

This study was performed to investigate the effect of drying temperature on the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of blueberry. Blueberries were dried at different times and temperatures, including A ($40^{\circ}C$, 72 hr), B ($40^{\circ}C$, 48 h and $50^{\circ}C$, 24 hr), C ($50^{\circ}C$, 72 hr), and D ($60^{\circ}C$, 72 hr). The yield and pH ranges of blueberry were determined to be 17.73~31.17% and 3.20~3.25, respectively. The yield rate of A treatments, soluble solid of D treatments, was the highest. The yield rate and soluble content was the highest in the treatment of A and D, respectively. The moisture content and water activity were significantly decreased with the increase in drying temperature (p<0.05). The L value of A treatment, and a and b values of D treatment were the greatest. In the analysis of texture analyzer, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gummiess and chewiness were significantly increased with the increase in drying temperature (p<0.05). In the sensory evaluation of blueberry, the appearance and color were the highest in the A treatment. The moisture, texture and taste was highest in the B treatment. The overall acceptability was in the order of B > A > C >D. The total polyphenol content and DPPH radical-scavenging activity were 9.21~13.05 mg/GAEg and 61.90~81.42%, respectively, which were significantly decreased with the increase in drying temperature (p<0.05). Therefore, the optimum time and temperature for blueberry drying was founded to be B treatment ($40^{\circ}C$, 48 hr and $50^{\circ}C$, 24 hr) among other treatments.

본 연구에서는 부재료를 첨가하지 않는 건 블루베리를 제조기술을 확립하고자 건조 온도를 달리하여 건 블루베리의 품질변화와 항산화 특성을 조사하였다. 즉, 건 블루베리 제조는 건조 온도에 따라 A($40^{\circ}C$, 72시간), B($40^{\circ}C$, 48시간 및 $50^{\circ}C$, 24시간), C($50^{\circ}C$, 72시간), D($60^{\circ}C$, 72시간)로 하였다. 건 블루베리의 수율을 측정한 결과 17.73~31.17%의 범위이었으며 건조 온도가 낮을수록 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). pH는 A가 가장 높았으며 가용성 고형분 함량은 건조 온도가 높을수록 유의적으로 높아지는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 수분함량 및 수분활성도는 건조 온도가 높을수록 낮아지는 경향으로 나타났다. 색도를 측정한 결과 L값은 건조 온도가 낮은 A가 높게 나타난 반면 a값 및 b값의 경우는 건조 온도가 높은 D가 높게 나타났다. 건조된 건 블루베리의 색도는 건조 온도가 높을수록 건조는 빨리 되었지만 육안으로 보았을 때 과피의 색이 주황색으로 변하여 상품으로 적절하지 않았다. 조직감 변화는 경도(hardness), 점성(gumminess) 및 씹힘성(chewiness)은 건조 온도가 높을수록 높은 값을 나타내었으며 탄력성(springiness)과 응집성(cohesiveness)은 비슷한 경향으로 건조 온도가 높을수록 약간 증가하는 경향이었지만 유의적인 차이는 없었다(p<0.05). 관능적 특성에서 전반적인 기호도는 B > A > C > D순으로 평가되었다. 항산화 특성으로 총 폴리페놀함량과 DPPH radical 소거능을 측정한 결과 건조 온도가 낮을수록 항산화 활성이 높게 나타났다. 따라서 건 블루베리 제조에 적당한 처리군은 B로 열풍건조 온도를 $40^{\circ}C$로하여 48시간 건조 후 온도를 $50^{\circ}C$로 높여 24시간 동안 건조하는 것이 품질이 우수한 상품과 형성율을 높이는데 좋을 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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