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Effects of freezing temperature on the physiological activities of garlic extracts

냉동 온도에 따른 마늘 추출물의 생리활성 변화

  • Park, Jong Woo (Division of Postharvest Engineering, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Jinse (Division of Postharvest Engineering, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Park, Seok Ho (Division of Postharvest Engineering, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Choi, Dong Soo (Division of Postharvest Engineering, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Choi, Seung Ryul (Division of Postharvest Engineering, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Oh, Sungsik (Division of Postharvest Engineering, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Yong Hoon (Division of Postharvest Engineering, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Yoo, Seon Mi (Division of Agro-Food Utilization, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Han, Gui Jeung (Division of Agro-Food Utilization, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA)
  • 박종우 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 수확후관리공학과) ;
  • 김진세 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 수확후관리공학과) ;
  • 박석호 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 수확후관리공학과) ;
  • 최동수 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 수확후관리공학과) ;
  • 최승렬 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 수확후관리공학과) ;
  • 오성식 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 수확후관리공학과) ;
  • 김용훈 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 수확후관리공학과) ;
  • 유선미 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 가공이용과) ;
  • 한귀정 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 가공이용과)
  • Received : 2015.07.10
  • Accepted : 2015.08.11
  • Published : 2015.08.30

Abstract

This study investigated the physiological activities of garlic extracts frozen at -20, -80, and $-196^{\circ}C$. To determine the optimum freezing temperature for maintaining garlic's physiological activity, antioxidant and antibacterial activities were investigated. The antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH radical scavenging ability, SOD-like activity, nitrite-scavenging ability, and reducing power. Total phenolic compounds and flavonoids of garlic extract frozen at $4^{\circ}C$ (control) were measured as $6.91{\pm}0.69{\mu}gGAE/g$ and $0.315{\pm}0.017{\mu}gQE/g$, respectively. Although the content of total phenolic compounds was not affected by the different freezing temperatures, the flavonoids contents of garlic extract frozen at $-20^{\circ}C$ were slightly decreased. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of garlic extracts (2 mg/mL) frozen at $-80^{\circ}C$ was 61%, whereas those frozen at $-20^{\circ}C$ and $-196^{\circ}C$ were 51%. SOD-like activity was slightly increased by freezing. However, the nitrite scavenging ability (18% at pH 3.0) and reducing power (OD700=1.6) were not affected by freezing temperatures. Antimicrobial activities did not show significant differences depending on freezing temperatures. Taken together, the physiological activities of the frozen garlic extracts were not significantly changed by the freezing temperatures; however, the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of the phenolic compounds and flavonoids were maintained at $-80^{\circ}C$. These results suggest that $-80^{\circ}C$ frozen garlic could maintain a higher quality than the conventional freezing method ($-20^{\circ}C$) without loss of physiological activities during the storage.

마늘의 냉동에 따른 생리활성을 변화를 분석함으로서생리활성 효능이 유지되는 최적의 냉동 온도를 선정하고자 냉동조건에 따른 마늘 추출물의 항산화 및 항균활성을 비교분석하였다. 마늘 추출물의 페놀 화합물 함량은 $6.91{\pm}0.69{\mu}gGAE/g$으로 냉동 조건(-20, -80, $-196^{\circ}C$)에 따라 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 플라보노이드 함량은 $-80^{\circ}C$에서 $0.327{\pm}0.058{\mu}gQE/g$에 반해 $-20^{\circ}C$ 에서 $0.263{\pm}0.015{\mu}gQE/g$으로 소폭 감소를 나타내었다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능 분석에서는 2 mg/mL의 추출물에서 $4^{\circ}C$$-80^{\circ}C$에서 61%로 나타난 것에 비해 $-20^{\circ}C$$-196^{\circ}C$에서는 51%가량으로 10%정도 라디칼 소거능이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고, 마늘 추출물의 SOD 유사활성은 $4^{\circ}C$ 대조군에 비해 냉동조건에서 전반적으로 증가 경향을 나타냈다. 아질산염 소거능은 pH 3.0 조건에서 18% 수준에서 소폭 증가가 나타난 반면 환원력 비교에서는 700 nm의 흡광도가 1.6 abs 수준에서 냉동조건에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고 $-80^{\circ}C$에서 감소폭이 가장 적게 나타났으나 유의적인 수준은 못 되었다. 항균활성 비교 실험에서는 마늘 추출물이 E. coli, S. typhimurium, V. vulnificus, S. aureus와B. cereus에 대해 높은 항균활성을 나타냈으며, 마늘의 냉동 조건에 따라서는 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 마늘의 냉동후 추출물의 생리활성은 실험조건에 따른 변화 폭이 크지는 않지만 페놀 화합물과 플라보노이드 및 이에 의한 항산화 및 항균 활성이 안정적으로 유지되는 최적 온도는 $-80^{\circ}C$로서, 마늘의 냉동 저장 중 품질특성 뿐만 아니라 생리활성기능 유지라는 두 가지 측면에서 $-20^{\circ}C$ 관행 냉동보다는 저온 급속냉동이 필요하다고 판단된다.

Keywords

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