Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain

Korean Academy of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine (대한안면통증구강내과학회)
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The Circadian Rhythm Variation of Pain in the Orofacial Region

  • Kim, Moon Jong (Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University) ;
  • Chung, Jin Woo (Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kho, Hong-Seop (Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University) ;
  • Park, Ji Woon (Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2015.08.23
  • Accepted : 2015.09.02
  • Published : 2015.09.30
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Abstract

All living organisms have a biological clock that orchestrates every biological process and function, and this internal clock operates following a circadian rhythm. This biological clock is known to influence various clinical indicators such as blood pressure and body temperature. Also, the fluctuation of signs and symptoms of diseases including pain disorders are affected by circadian rhythm. It has been reported that the pain intensity of various somatic and neuropathic pain disorders show unique pain patterns that depend on the passage of time. The generation of pain patterns could be explained by extrinsic (e.g., physical activity, tactile stimulation, ambient temperature) and also intrinsic factors (neural and neuroendocrine modulation) that are related to the circadian rhythm. It is important to recognize and identify the individual pain pattern in pain therapy to approve treatment outcome. Moreover, chronotherapeutics which considers pain patterns and pharmacokinetics in context of the circadian rhythm could produce greater analgesia in response to medication. However, only a limited number of studies handle the issue of pain patterns according to circadian rhythm and chronotherapeutics in the orofacial region. The present review intends to reflect on the most recent and relevant data concerning the bidirectional relation between pain disorders of the orofacial region and circadian patterns.

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