DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Polyacrylamide, Its Beneficial Application of Soil Erosion Control from Sloped Agricultural Fields

고분자유기응집제 (Polyacrylamide)를 활용한 농경지 사면 토양유실 저감 효과 분석

  • Kim, Minyoung (Agricultural Safety Engineering, Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Choi, Yonghun (Agricultural Safety Engineering, Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Sangbong (Planning & Coordination Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Hyunjeong (Agricultural Safety Engineering, Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Seounghee (Agricultural Safety Engineering, Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Youngjin (Agricultural Safety Engineering, Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • Received : 2015.06.24
  • Accepted : 2015.09.21
  • Published : 2015.09.30

Abstract

This study conducted a series of field experiments using soil conditioners, Polyacrylamide(PAM) and gypsum, to evaluate their effects in reducing sediment loss and surface runoff. In addition, the correction factors (K-alpha) for the erodibility factor (K) were determined to reflect the effects of PAM and PAM+gypsum in applying the USLE equation. Experimental erosion plots individually sized $10m^2$ (5 m long, 2 m wide and 1 m deep) have different slopes (10, 20 and 30%). Erosion plots were prepared for one control (C; no PAM and gypsum) and two treatments (P; PAM 20 kg/ha, PG; PAM 20 kg/ha+gypsum 3,000 kg/ha). The amounts of soil eroded and runoff were continuously monitored from July $1^{st}$ to Oct. $31^{st}$ in 2010 and compared to each other. The amount of sediment loss from a control plot was 399.2 ton/ha and the relative reduction of sediment loss were 11.4% and 33.4% for PAM-treated and PAM+gypsum treated plots, respectively. This study also determined the K-alpha factors in the USLE equation to account for the erosion control effectiveness of PAM and gypsum application. The K-alpha factors were calculated as 0.92 for PAM-treated plot and 0.69 for PAM+gypsum-treated plot. The findings of this study revealed that soil conditioners (PAM and gypsum) could play a significant role in controlling soil erosion. In addition, the modified USLE equation using the K-alpha could provide valuable information to make better decision on establishment of best management practice for soil erosion control in agriculture.

Keywords

References

  1. Bjorneberg, F.L., N.S. Santos, O.C. Castanheira, J.L. Reis, J.K. Aase, R.E. Sojka, 2003. Using polyacrylamide with sprinkler irrigation to improve infiltration. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 58: 283-289.
  2. Boardman, J., I. D. L. Foster, J. A. Dearing, 1990. Soil erosion on agricultural land. John Wiley and Sons: Chichester.
  3. Bradford, J.M., J.E. Ferris, P.A. Remly, 1987. Interrill soil erosion processes: I. Effect of surface sealing on infiltration, runoff and soil splash detachment, Soil Sci. So. Am. J., 1566-1571.
  4. Choi, B.S., J.E. Lim, Y.B. Choi, K.J. Lim, J.D. Choi, J.H. Joo, J.E Yang, Y.S. Ok, 2009. Applicability of PAM(Polyacrylamide) in soil erosion prevention: rainfall simulation experiments. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture, 28(3): 249-257. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2009.28.3.249
  5. Flanagan, D.C., Norton, L.D., Shainberg, I., 1997. Effect of water chemistry and soil amendments on a silt loam soil - Part 2: Soil erosion transactions fo the ASAE, 40: 1555-1561.
  6. Flanagan, D.C., L.D. Norton, J.R. Peterson, K. Chaudhari, 2003. Using polyacrylamide to control erosion on agricultural and disturded soils in rainfed areas. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 58: 301-311.
  7. Fox, D.M., and Bryan R.B., 1999. The relationship of soil loss by interrill erosion to gradient. CATENA, 38: 211-222.
  8. Fox, D.M., R.B. Bryan, A.G. Price, 1997. The influence of slope angle on final infiltration rate for interrill conditions. Geoderma, 80: 181-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(97)00075-X
  9. Huang. C.H., 1995. Empirical analysis of slope and runoff for sediment delivery from interrill areas. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 59: 982-990 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900040004x
  10. Kim, M., S. Kim, J. Kim, S. Kang, S. Lee, 2013. Factors affecting flocculation performance of synthetic polymer for turbidity control. Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment, 2(1): 16-21. https://doi.org/10.4236/jacen.2013.21003
  11. Lal, R., 1976. Soil erosion of Alfisols in western Nigeria: Effect of slope, crop rotation and residue management. Gerderma, 16: 363-375.
  12. Lee, S.S., C.J. Gantzer, A.L. Thompson, S.H. Anderson, 2011. Polyacrylamide aefficacy for reducing soil erosion and runoff as influenced by slope. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 66(3): 172-177. https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.66.3.172
  13. Jian Y., T. Lei, I. Shainberg, A. I. Mamedov, G. J. Levy, 2003. Infiltration and erosion in soils treated with dry PAM and . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 67: 630-636. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.6300
  14. Jung, P.K, M.H. Ko, J.N. Im, K.T. Um, D.U. Choi, 1983. Rainfall erosion factor for estimating soil loss. J. Korean Soc. Soil Sci. Fert., 16(2): 112-118.
  15. Keren, R., and Shainberg, I., 1981. Effect of dissolution rate on the efficiency of industrial and mined in improving infiltration of a sodic soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 47: 1001-1004.
  16. Koo, Y.M., J.Y. Kim, B.R. Kim, D.I. Seo, 2015. Removal of suspended solids from stormwater runoff using a fabric filter system. J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng., 37(3): 165-174. https://doi.org/10.4491/KSEE.2015.37.3.165
  17. Mah, M.G.C., L.A. Douglas, A.J. Ringrose-Voase, 1992. Effects of crust development and surface slope on erosion by rainfall. Soil Science, 154(1): 37-43. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199207000-00005
  18. Rita, C., S. Jitendra, J. Samira, 2003. Agriculture non-point source pollution control. World Bank working paper 7.
  19. Shin, M.H., C.H. Won, J.R. Jang, Y.H. Choi, Y.C. Shin, K.J. Lim, J.D. Choi, 2013a. Effect of surface cover on the reduction of runoff and agricultural NPS pollution from upland fields. Paddy Water Environ, 11: 493-501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-012-0340-4
  20. Shin, M.H., C.H. Won, W.J. Park, Y.H. Choi, J.R. Jang, K.J. Lim, J.D. Choi, 2011. Analysis of the reduction effect on NPS pollution loads by surface cover application. Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, 53(4): 29-37. https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2011.53.4.029
  21. Shin, H.J., C.H Won, Y.H Choi, T.Y. Kim, J.D. Choi, 2010. Study of installation of sediment trap drain channel to reduce soil erosion from storm water runoff. Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, 52(6): 95-100 https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2010.52.6.095
  22. Shin, M.H., J.R Jang, C.H. Won, Y.H. Choi, J.Y. Shin, K.J. Lim, J.D. Choi, 2012. Effect of surface cover on the reduction of NPS pollution at a vegetable field. Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 28(3): 436-443.
  23. Shin, M.H., J.R. Jang, H.J. Shin, D.H. Kum, Y.H. Choi, C.H. Won. K.J. Lim, J.D. Choi, 2013b. Application of surface cover materials and soil amendments for reduction of non-point source pollution from upland fields. Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, 55(4): 21-28. https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2013.55.4.021
  24. Sojka, R. E., R.D. Lentz, T.J. Trout, W.C. Ross, D.L. Bjorneberg, L.K. Aase. 1998. Polyacrylamide effects on infiltration in irrigated agriculture. J. Soil Water Conserv. 53:325-331.
  25. Stone R.P., and Hilborn D., 2000. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Factsheet ISSN 1198-712X, Ontario, Canada.
  26. Won, C.H., M.H. Shin, Y.H. CHoi, J.Y. Shin, W.J. Park, J.D. Choi, 2011. Applications of surface cover material for reduction of soil erosion. Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 27(6): 848-854.
  27. Won, C.H., M.H. Shin, Y.H. CHoi, J.Y. Shin, W.J. Park, S.I. Lee, J.D. Choi, 2013a. Evaluations of NPS reduction using the rice straw mats and soil amendments from steep sloped field. Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, 55(2): 29-36. https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2013.55.2.029
  28. Won, C.H., M.H. Shin, Y.H. Choi, K.J. Lim, Y.H. Han. J.H. Kwon, J.D. Choi, 2013b. Evaluation of NPS pollutant reduction of rice straw mats in field. Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, 55(4): 37-44. https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2013.55.4.037
  29. Won, C.H., Y.H. Choi, M.H. Shin, K.J. Lim, J.D. Choi, 2012. Effects of rice straw mats on runoff and sediment discharge in a laboratory rainfall simulation. Geoderma, 189: 164-169.
  30. Wischmeier, W. H. and Smith, D. D., 1978. Predicting rainfall erosion losses a guide to conservation planning. The USDA Agricultural Handbook No. 537.

Cited by

  1. Changes in Soil Water Content and Drainage Characteristics with Superabsorbent Polymers Amendment vol.58, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2016.58.3.047